ConvE

Convolutional 2D Knowledge Graph Embeddings resources.

Paper: 2D Convolutional Graph Embeddings

Used in the paper, but do not use these datasets for your research: FB15k and WN18

ConvE key facts

Predictive performance

Dataset	MR	MRR	Hits@10	Hits@3	Hits@1
FB15k	64	0.75	0.87	0.80	0.67
WN18	504	0.94	0.96	0.95	0.94
FB15k-237	246	0.32	0.49	0.35	0.24
WN18RR	5277	0.46	0.48	0.43	0.39
YAGO3-10	2792	0.52	0.66	0.56	0.45
Nations	2	0.89	1.00	0.92	0.84
UMLS	2	0.81	0.98	0.90	0.71
Kinship	2	0.84	0.99	0.91	0.75

Run time performance

For an embedding size of 200 and batch size 128, a single batch takes on a GTX Titan X (Maxwell):

• 64ms for 100,000 entities
• 80ms for 1,000,000 entities

Parameter efficiency

Parameters	ConvE/DistMult MRR	ConvE/DistMult Hits@10	ConvE/DistMult Hits@1
~5.0M	0.32 / 0.24	0.49 / 0.42	0.24 / 0.16
1.89M	0.32 / 0.23	0.49 / 0.41	0.23 / 0.15
0.95M	0.30 / 0.22	0.46 / 0.39	0.22 / 0.14
0.24M	0.26 / 0.16	0.39 / 0.31	0.19 / 0.09

ConvE with 8 times less parameters is still more powerful than DistMult. Relational Graph Convolutional Networks use roughly 32x more parameters to have the same performance as ConvE.

Installation

This repo supports Linux and Python installation via Anaconda.

1. Install PyTorch using Anaconda
2. Install the requirements pip install -r requirements
3. Download the default English model used by spaCy, which is installed in the previous step python -m spacy download en
4. Run the preprocessing script for WN18RR, FB15k-237, YAGO3-10, UMLS, Kinship, and Nations: sh preprocess.sh
5. You can now run the model

Running a model

Parameters need to be specified by white-space tuples for example:

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 python main.py model ConvE dataset FB15k-237 \
                                      input_drop 0.2 hidden_drop 0.3 feat_drop 0.2 \
                                      lr 0.003 process True

will run a ConvE model on FB15k-237.

To run a model, you first need to preprocess the data. This can be done by specifying the process parameter:

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 python main.py model ConvE dataset FB15k-237 process True

After the dataset is preprocessed it will be saved to disk and this parameter can be omitted.

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 python main.py model ConvE dataset FB15k-237

Here a list of parameters for the available datasets:

FB15k-237
WN18RR
YAGO3-10
umls
kinship
nations

The following models are available:

ConvE
DistMult
ComplEx

The following parameters can be used for the models:

batch_size
input_drop = input_dropout
feat_drop = feature_map_dropout
hidden_drop = hidden_dropout
embedding_dim
L2
epochs
lr_decay = learning_rate_decay
lr = learning_rate
label_smoothing = label_smoothing_epsilon 

The parameters with the equal sign are equivalent and short-forms of each other.

To reproduce most of the results in the ConvE paper, you can use command below:

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 python main.py model ConvE input_drop 0.2 hidden_drop 0.3 \
                                      feat_drop 0.2 lr 0.003 lr_decay 0.995 \
                                      dataset DATASET_NAME

For the reverse model, you can run the provided file with the name of the dataset name and a threshold probability:

python reverse_rule.py WN18RR 0.9

Adding new datasets

To run it on a new datasets, copy your dataset folder into the data folder and make sure your dataset split files have the name train.txt, valid.txt, and test.txt which contain tab separated triples of a knowledge graph. Then execute python wrangle_KG.py FOLDER_NAME, afterwards, you can use the folder name of your dataset in the dataset parameter.

Adding your own model

You can easily write your own knowledge graph model by extending the barebone model MyModel that can be found in the model.py file.

Quirks

There are some quirks of this framework.

1. If you use a different embedding size, the ConvE concatenation size cannot be determined automatically and you have to set it yourself in line 106/107. Also the first dimension of the projection layer will change. You will need to comment out the print function (line 118) to get the needed dimension, and adjust the size of the fully connected layer in line 98.
2. The model currently ignores data that does not fit into the specified batch size, for example if your batch size is 100 and your test data is 220, then 20 samples will be ignored. This is designed in that way to improve performance on small datasets. To test on the full test-data you can save the model checkpoint, load the model (with the load=True variable) and then evaluate with a batch size that fits the test data (for 220 you could use a batch size of 110). Another solution is to just use a fitting batch size from the start, that is, you could train with a batch size of 110.

Issues

It has been noted that #6 WN18RR does contain 212 entities in the test set that do not appear in the training set. About 6.7% of the test set is affected. This means that most models will find it impossible to make any reasonable predictions for these entities. This will make WN18RR appear more difficult than it really is, but it should not affect the usefulness of the dataset. If all researchers compared to the same datasets the scores will still be comparable.

Logs

Some log files of the original research are included in the repo (logs.tar.gz). These log files are mostly unstructured in names and might be created from checkpoints so that it is difficult to comprehend them. Nevertheless, it might help to replicate the results or study the behavior of the training under certain conditions and thus I included them here.

Citation

If you found this codebase or our work useful please cite us:

@inproceedings{dettmers2018conve,
	Author = {Dettmers, Tim and Pasquale, Minervini and Pontus, Stenetorp and Riedel, Sebastian},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
	Title = {Convolutional 2D Knowledge Graph Embeddings},
	Url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.01476},
	Year = {2018},
  Month = {February}
}