[python3] Enable cross builds, fix native builds

[dg0yt]

Fixes #30501, building python3 for python
Fixes #29447 (to be tested).
Adjusts library and include search path setup for dependencies. Fixes #31668, unknown error in native x64-osx builds.
Eliminates release lib paths from debug builds.
Fixes osx cross builds. (Upstream supports universal builds only, but the required patching is a minimal delta over the search path patch.)

Alternative to #31497.
Includes/depends on #31228.
Cross build tested with arm64-linux and android (NDK 25c) on x64-linux, and with arm64-osx on x64-osx.

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

[dg0yt]

#31727 was merged. Waiting for #33026 now.

[dg0yt]

The python3 part is now updated for 3.11.

The android build needs the fixes from #31228 (in particular passing compiler and linker flags).