Fix race condition in events-executor (ros2#2177) (ros2#2191)

The initial implementation of the events-executor contained a bug where the executor
would end up in an inconsistent state and stop processing interrupt/shutdown notifications.
Manually adding a node to the executor results in a) producing a notify waitable event
and b) refreshing the executor collections.
The inconsistent state would happen if the event was processed before the collections were
finished to be refreshed: the executor would pick up the event but be unable to process it.
This would leave the `notify_waitable_event_pushed_` flag to true, preventing additional
notify waitable events to be pushed.
The behavior is observable only under heavy load.

Signed-off-by: Alberto Soragna <alberto.soragna@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 6e1fea1)

Co-authored-by: Alberto Soragna <alberto.soragna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ignacio Vizzo <ignacio@dexory.com>

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/experimental/executors/events_executor/events_executor.hpp

@@ -243,6 +243,11 @@ class EventsExecutor : public rclcpp::Executor
   std::function<void(size_t, int)>
   create_waitable_callback(const rclcpp::Waitable * waitable_id);
 
+  /// Utility to add the notify waitable to an entities collection
+  void
+  add_notify_waitable_to_collection(
+    rclcpp::executors::ExecutorEntitiesCollection::WaitableCollection & collection);
+
   /// Searches for the provided entity_id in the collection and returns the entity if valid
   template<typename CollectionType>
   typename CollectionType::EntitySharedPtr

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/experimental/executors/events_executor/events_executor.cpp

@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ EventsExecutor::EventsExecutor(
   timers_manager_ =
     std::make_shared<rclcpp::experimental::TimersManager>(context_, timer_on_ready_cb);
 
+  this->current_entities_collection_ =
+    std::make_shared<rclcpp::executors::ExecutorEntitiesCollection>();
+
   notify_waitable_ = std::make_shared<rclcpp::executors::ExecutorNotifyWaitable>(
     [this]() {
       // This callback is invoked when:
@@ -61,6 +64,10 @@ EventsExecutor::EventsExecutor(
       this->refresh_current_collection_from_callback_groups();
     });
 
+  // Make sure that the notify waitable is immediately added to the collection
+  // to avoid missing events
+  this->add_notify_waitable_to_collection(current_entities_collection_->waitables);
+
   notify_waitable_->add_guard_condition(interrupt_guard_condition_);
   notify_waitable_->add_guard_condition(shutdown_guard_condition_);
 
@@ -87,9 +94,6 @@ EventsExecutor::EventsExecutor(
 
   this->entities_collector_ =
     std::make_shared<rclcpp::executors::ExecutorEntitiesCollector>(notify_waitable_);
-
-  this->current_entities_collection_ =
-    std::make_shared<rclcpp::executors::ExecutorEntitiesCollection>();
 }
 
 EventsExecutor::~EventsExecutor()
@@ -395,18 +399,8 @@ EventsExecutor::refresh_current_collection_from_callback_groups()
   // retrieved in the "standard" way.
   // To do it, we need to add the notify waitable as an entry in both the new and
   // current collections such that it's neither added or removed.
-  rclcpp::CallbackGroup::WeakPtr weak_group_ptr;
-  new_collection.waitables.insert(
-  {
-    this->notify_waitable_.get(),
-    {this->notify_waitable_, weak_group_ptr}
-  });
-
-  this->current_entities_collection_->waitables.insert(
-  {
-    this->notify_waitable_.get(),
-    {this->notify_waitable_, weak_group_ptr}
-  });
+  this->add_notify_waitable_to_collection(new_collection.waitables);
+  this->add_notify_waitable_to_collection(current_entities_collection_->waitables);
 
   this->refresh_current_collection(new_collection);
 }
@@ -486,3 +480,16 @@ EventsExecutor::create_waitable_callback(const rclcpp::Waitable * entity_key)
     };
   return callback;
 }
+
+void
+EventsExecutor::add_notify_waitable_to_collection(
+  rclcpp::executors::ExecutorEntitiesCollection::WaitableCollection & collection)
+{
+  // The notify waitable is not associated to any group, so use an invalid one
+  rclcpp::CallbackGroup::WeakPtr weak_group_ptr;
+  collection.insert(
+  {
+    this->notify_waitable_.get(),
+    {this->notify_waitable_, weak_group_ptr}
+  });
+}

rclcpp/test/rclcpp/executors/test_executors.cpp

@@ -20,12 +20,14 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <limits>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 #include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "rcl/error_handling.h"
 #include "rcl/time.h"
@@ -43,18 +45,10 @@ template<typename T>
 class TestExecutors : public ::testing::Test
 {
 public:
-  static void SetUpTestCase()
+  void SetUp()
   {
     rclcpp::init(0, nullptr);
-  }
-
-  static void TearDownTestCase()
-  {
-    rclcpp::shutdown();
-  }
 
-  void SetUp()
-  {
     const auto test_info = ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     std::stringstream test_name;
     test_name << test_info->test_case_name() << "_" << test_info->name();
@@ -75,6 +69,8 @@ class TestExecutors : public ::testing::Test
     publisher.reset();
     subscription.reset();
     node.reset();
+
+    rclcpp::shutdown();
   }
 
   rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node;
@@ -729,6 +725,77 @@ TYPED_TEST(TestExecutors, testSpinUntilFutureCompleteInterrupted)
   spinner.join();
 }
 
+// This test verifies that the add_node operation is robust wrt race conditions.
+// It's mostly meant to prevent regressions in the events-executor, but the operation should be
+// thread-safe in all executor implementations.
+// The initial implementation of the events-executor contained a bug where the executor
+// would end up in an inconsistent state and stop processing interrupt/shutdown notifications.
+// Manually adding a node to the executor results in a) producing a notify waitable event
+// and b) refreshing the executor collections.
+// The inconsistent state would happen if the event was processed before the collections were
+// finished to be refreshed: the executor would pick up the event but be unable to process it.
+// This would leave the `notify_waitable_event_pushed_` flag to true, preventing additional
+// notify waitable events to be pushed.
+// The behavior is observable only under heavy load, so this test spawns several worker
+// threads. Due to the nature of the bug, this test may still succeed even if the
+// bug is present. However repeated runs will show its flakiness nature and indicate
+// an eventual regression.
+TYPED_TEST(TestExecutors, testRaceConditionAddNode)
+{
+  using ExecutorType = TypeParam;
+  // rmw_connextdds doesn't support events-executor
+  if (
+    std::is_same<ExecutorType, rclcpp::experimental::executors::EventsExecutor>() &&
+    std::string(rmw_get_implementation_identifier()).find("rmw_connextdds") == 0)
+  {
+    GTEST_SKIP();
+  }
+
+  // Spawn some threads to do some heavy work
+  std::atomic<bool> should_cancel = false;
+  std::vector<std::thread> stress_threads;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 5 * std::thread::hardware_concurrency(); i++) {
+    stress_threads.emplace_back(
+      [&should_cancel, i]() {
+        // This is just some arbitrary heavy work
+        volatile size_t total = 0;
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < 549528914167; k++) {
+          if (should_cancel) {
+            break;
+          }
+          total += k * (i + 42);
+        }
+      });
+  }
+
+  // Create an executor
+  auto executor = std::make_shared<ExecutorType>();
+  // Start spinning
+  auto executor_thread = std::thread(
+    [executor]() {
+      executor->spin();
+    });
+  // Add a node to the executor
+  executor->add_node(this->node);
+
+  // Cancel the executor (make sure that it's already spinning first)
+  while (!executor->is_spinning() && rclcpp::ok()) {
+    continue;
+  }
+  executor->cancel();
+
+  // Try to join the thread after cancelling the executor
+  // This is the "test". We want to make sure that we can still cancel the executor
+  // regardless of the presence of race conditions
+  executor_thread.join();
+
+  // The test is now completed: we can join the stress threads
+  should_cancel = true;
+  for (auto & t : stress_threads) {
+    t.join();
+  }
+}
+
 // Check spin_until_future_complete with node base pointer (instantiates its own executor)
 TEST(TestExecutors, testSpinUntilFutureCompleteNodeBasePtr)
 {