My reference template for Android Development! :3
Credit to this article.
Also credit to this article for Arch Linux setup.
On Arch Linux, install these packages for your desired Android API level from the AUR first:
android-sdk android-sdk-build-tools android-sdk-platform-tools android-platform
Edit Makefile as much as you need for your particular project and build setup. All the stuff you are most likely to want to change are towards the top.
To build, just run make. If you haven't generated a keystore, it'll prompt you to create one, and then you won't have to create it again for subsequent builds, but it will prompt you to sign each new build.
To run the build on a connected Android device, make sure your device is connected and recognized with developer mode enabled by running adb devices and see if it shows up on the list. And then just run make run.
Once it's running, debug the app using adb logcat. Filter for relevant messages, for example, like this: adb logcat HelloAndroid *:S