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doc/Language/5to6-nutshell.pod6

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@@ -1283,6 +1283,7 @@ compiled bytecode.
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Rakudo supports this only for modules so far.
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=head2 Importing specific functions from a module
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X<|import>
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In Perl 5 it is possible to selectively import functions from a given module
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like so:

doc/Language/functions.pod6

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@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ generated. Both automatic variables can be used that the same time.
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=comment capture, destructuring,
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=head2 Arguments
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X<|Argument>
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Arguments are supplied as a comma separated list. To disambiguate nested calls
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parentheses or adverbial form can be used.

doc/Language/glossary.pod6

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@@ -19,16 +19,6 @@ implemented using L<roles|#Role> with L<stubbed|#Stub> methods.
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method bark { say "woof" } # *MUST* be implemented by class
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}
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=head1 Actions
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X<|Actions>
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Action methods are typically used to perform transformations and
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other actions while parsing a source code program. Parse grammars
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typically use the special token C< {*} > to indicate the point
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at which an action method is to be invoked. In addition, a line
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containing C< {*} > may also use C< #= > to specify a "key" that
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is to be passed to the action method.
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=head1 Advent Calendar
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X<|Advent Calendar>
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as an historical document for reference. See also L<#Exegesis> and
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L<#Synopsis>.
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=head1 Argument
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X<|Argument>
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A value that you pass on to a L<subroutine|#Subroutine>, L<method|#Method>
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or a L<callable block|#Callable>. As opposed to the L<#Parameter> that is
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specified in the definition of a subroutine/method/callable block.
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sub foo($bar) { say $bar } # $bar is a parameter
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foo(42); # 42 is an argument
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=head1 Arity
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X<|Arity>
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The arity of a C<Callable> is one of the main selectors in
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L<multi-dispatch|#Multi-Dispatch>.
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=head1 Attribute
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X<|Attribute> X<|Property> X<|Member> X<|Slot>
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A per-object storage slot. Other programming languages refer to this as
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C<Field>, C<Member>, C<Slot> or C<Property>.
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In Perl 6, attributes are defined with the L<#has> keyword inside a
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L<class|#Class>:
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class Dog {
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has $.name; # public attribute "name"
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}
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=head1 AST
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X<|AST>
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See also L<#Adverb>.
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=head1 Constraint
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X<|Constraint>
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Constraints are a restriction placed on acceptable types for a parameter
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or subset type. They are introduced with the word C<where>. In the
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following example, a constraint is used to make sure an error occurs if
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anyone ever calls a subroutine named C<abbreviate> with a string which is
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shorter than 10 characters:
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sub abbreviate(Str $thing where { .chars >= 10 }) { ... }
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The C<Str> in the above example is also a constraint, but is usually
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referred to as a "type constraint."
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Note that you can also differentiate candidates in a
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L<multi-dispatch|#Multi-Dispatch> by using a different constraint:
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multi sub abbreviate(Str $thing where { .chars > 10 }) {
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"$thing.substr(0, 7)..."
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}
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multi sub abbreviate(Str $thing) { $thing } # no constraint
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say abbreviate("Worthington"); # Worthin...
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say abbreviate("Mäsak"); # Mäsak
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=head1 Damian Conway
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Original author of the L<#Exegesis> (among many other things).
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See also L<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damian_Conway>.
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=head1 Enum
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X<|Enum>
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Enumerations provide constant key-value-pairs with an associated type.
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See L<Enum|/language/typesystem#enum>.
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=head1 Exegesis
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X<|Exegesis>
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=head1 fiddly
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X<|fiddly>
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=head1 Field
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See L<#Attribute>.
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=head1 handles
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X<|handles>
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=head1 has
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X<|has>
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A keyword used to define L<attributes|#Attributes>.
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=head1 iffy
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X<|iffy>
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=head1 import
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X<|import>
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=head1 Instance
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X<|instance>
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Short for C<wrong window>. When on L<#IRC>, someone types something in a
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channel that was intended for another channel, or for a private message.
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=head1 Invocant
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X<|Invocant>
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The object upon which a method is called, is referred to as the I<invocant>
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in Perl 6. It is what C<self> refers to in a method.
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say 'str'.uc; # 'str' is the invocant of method uc
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class A { method show { self } }
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say A.new.show; # A.new
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=head1 JIT
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X<|JIT>
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L<Just-in-time compilation|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation>, a technique for improving the performance of virtual machines.
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=head1 JVM
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X<|JVM>
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Java Virtual Machine
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=head1 Larry Wall
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L<Perl's|#Perl> benevolent dictator for life, among many other things. See
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typically run just after the class/module/grammar have been compiled (or
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when loaded from a pre-compiled file).
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=head1 Member
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See L<#Attribute>.
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=head1 Method
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X<|Method>
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Methods are L<subroutine|#Subroutine>s that are called with an L<invocant|#Invocant>.
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=head1 MoarVM
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X<|MoarVM>
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now serves all Perl 6 implementations. Why roast? It's the B<r>epository
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B<o>f B<a>ll B<s>pec B<t>ests.
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=head1 Role
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X<|Role>
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A role can be composed with zero or more other roles, then instantiated into
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a L<class|#Class>. The L<sigil|#Sigil> of a variable name indicates that the defined
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value in the container denoted by the variable belongs to a class composed
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from the associated role. For example, the sigil C<@> denotes the
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C<Positional> role. So a variable C<@a> may contain a value of type C<List>
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because C<List.does(Positional)>.
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=head1 rule
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X<|rule>
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=head1 Sigilless Variable
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X<|Sigilless Variable>
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=head1 Slot
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See L<#Attribute>.
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=head1 Slurpy
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X<|Slurpy>
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A parameter of a sub or method is said to be I<slurpy> if it can consume an
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arbitrary number of arguments. It is indicated by an asterisk C<*> in front
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of the parameter name.
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sub sum(*@numbers) {
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return [+] @numbers;
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}
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This can also be used to collect all possible named parameters in a call:
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sub allnameds(*%named) { .say for %named.sort }
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allnameds a => 42, :666b, :c<foo>; # a => 42, b => 666, c => foo
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=head1 Spesh
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=head1 Stub
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=head1 Subroutine
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X<|Subroutine>
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A subroutine is like a L<#block>, but its L<#runtime> context is stacked.
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When a subroutine is called, its context is pushed in the context stack
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is popped and the return argument becomes the value of the calling expression.
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=head1 Symbol
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X<|Symbol>
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L<#IRC> screen name for L<#Larry Wall>, creator of Perl. The name comes from
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=head1 token
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X<|token>
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=head1 True
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X<|True>
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The value representing logical C<True> of the L<#Bool> L<enum|#Enum>.
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=head1 Twigil
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X<|Twigil>
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A secondary L<sigil|#Sigil>. For example, %*ENV has a sigil of % and a
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twigil of *.
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See L<Twigils|/language/variables#Twigils>.
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=head1 Type Object
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X<|Type Object>
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A I<type object> is an object representing a L<class|#Class>, L<role|#Role>,
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L<package|#Package>, L<grammar|#Grammar> or L<enum|#Enum>. It is generally
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accessible with the same name as the type.
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class A { };
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say A; # A is the type object
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my $x = A.new(); # same here
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my $x = class {
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method greet() {
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say "hi";
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}
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}
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# $x now holds a type object returned from the
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# anonymous class definition
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If a variable is declared to be of a certain type, but never defined, then
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it will evaluate to the type object of that type. As such, type objects can
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often turn up in places where "undefined" or "null" would in other
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languages:
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# perl6 -e 'my Int $a; sub f(Int $x) { $x + 1 }; f($a);'
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Invocant requires an instance, but a type object was passed
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=head1 value
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X<|value>
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=head1 6model
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X<|6model>
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=head1 $
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L<#Sigil> for L<scalar|#Scalar> L<variables|#Variable>.
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=head1 @
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L<#Sigil> for L<array|#Array> L<variables|#Variable>.
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=head1 %
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L<#Sigil> for L<hash|#Hash> L<variables|#Variable>.
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=head1 &
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L<#Sigil> for L<code|#Code> L<variables|#Variable>.
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=end pod

doc/Language/grammars.pod6

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# 12
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=head1 Action Objects
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X<|Actions>
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A successful grammar match gives you a parse tree of L<Match|/type/Match>
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objects, and the deeper that match tree gets, and the more branches in the

doc/Language/objects.pod6

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another class.
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=head2 Attributes
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X<|Attribute> X<|Property> X<|Member> X<|Slot>
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Attributes are variables that exist per instance of a class. They are where
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doc/Language/variables.pod6

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=head1 Sigils
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=head1 Twigils
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Twigils influence the scoping of a variable. Please be aware that twigils
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doc/Type/Signature.pod6

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X<|type constraint (Signature)>
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=head2 Type Constraints
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X<|Constraint>
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Parameters can optionally have a type constraint (the default is L<C<Any>>).
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These can be used to restrict the allowed input to a function.

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