migrate

Database migrations written in Go. Use as CLI or import as library.

• Migrate reads migrations from sources and applies them in correct order to a database.
• Drivers are "dumb", migrate glues everything together and makes sure the logic is bulletproof. (Keeps the drivers lightweight, too.)
• Database drivers don't assume things or try to correct user input. When in doubt, fail.

Forked from mattes/migrate

Databases

Database drivers run migrations. Add a new database?

• PostgreSQL
• Redshift
• Ql
• Cassandra
• SQLite (todo #165)
• MySQL/ MariaDB
• Neo4j (todo #167)
• MongoDB
• CrateDB (todo #170)
• Shell (todo #171)
• Google Cloud Spanner
• CockroachDB
• ClickHouse

Database URLs

Database connection strings are specified via URLs. The URL format is driver dependent but generally has the form: dbdriver://username:password@host:port/dbname?option1=true&option2=false

Any reserved URL characters need to be escaped. Note, the % character also needs to be escaped

Explicitly, the following characters need to be escaped: !, #, $, %, &, ', (, ), *, +, ,, /, :, ;, =, ?, @, [, ]

It's easiest to always run the URL parts of your DB connection URL (e.g. username, password, etc) through an URL encoder. See the example Python snippets below:

$ python3 -c 'import urllib.parse; print(urllib.parse.quote(input("String to encode: "), ""))'
String to encode: FAKEpassword!#$%&'()*+,/:;=?@[]
FAKEpassword%21%23%24%25%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C%2F%3A%3B%3D%3F%40%5B%5D
$ python2 -c 'import urllib; print urllib.quote(raw_input("String to encode: "), "")'
String to encode: FAKEpassword!#$%&'()*+,/:;=?@[]
FAKEpassword%21%23%24%25%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C%2F%3A%3B%3D%3F%40%5B%5D
$

Migration Sources

Source drivers read migrations from local or remote sources. Add a new source?

• Filesystem - read from fileystem
• Go-Bindata - read from embedded binary data (jteeuwen/go-bindata)
• Github - read from remote Github repositories
• AWS S3 - read from Amazon Web Services S3
• Google Cloud Storage - read from Google Cloud Platform Storage

CLI usage

• Simple wrapper around this library.
• Handles ctrl+c (SIGINT) gracefully.
• No config search paths, no config files, no magic ENV var injections.

CLI Documentation

Basic usage:

$ migrate -source file://path/to/migrations -database postgres://localhost:5432/database up 2

Docker usage

$ docker run -v {{ migration dir }}:/migrations --network host migrate/migrate 
    -path=/migrations/ -database postgres://localhost:5432/database up 2

Use in your Go project

• API is stable and frozen for this release (v3 & v4).
• Uses Go modules to manage dependencies.
• To help prevent database corruptions, it supports graceful stops via GracefulStop chan bool.
• Bring your own logger.
• Uses io.Reader streams internally for low memory overhead.
• Thread-safe and no goroutine leaks.

Go Documentation

import (
    "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
    _ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"
    _ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/github"
)

func main() {
    m, err := migrate.New(
        "github://mattes:personal-access-token@mattes/migrate_test",
        "postgres://localhost:5432/database?sslmode=enable")
    m.Steps(2)
}

Want to use an existing database client?

import (
    "database/sql"
    _ "github.com/lib/pq"
    "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
    "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"
    _ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/file"
)

func main() {
    db, err := sql.Open("postgres", "postgres://localhost:5432/database?sslmode=enable")
    driver, err := postgres.WithInstance(db, &postgres.Config{})
    m, err := migrate.NewWithDatabaseInstance(
        "file:///migrations",
        "postgres", driver)
    m.Steps(2)
}

Migration files

Each migration has an up and down migration. Why?

1481574547_create_users_table.up.sql
1481574547_create_users_table.down.sql

Best practices: How to write migrations.

Supported Major Versions

Version	Go Modules	Min Go Version	Import	Notes
master	✅	1.10.3	import "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"	New features and bug fixes arrive here first
v4	✅	1.10.3	import "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
v3	❌	1.10	import "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate" (with package manager) or import "gopkg.in/golang-migrate/migrate.v3" (not recommended)	Only security fixes are backported. Only use if your project is not using Go modules.

Development and Contributing

Yes, please! Makefile is your friend, read the development guide.

Also have a look at the FAQ.

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Looking for alternatives? https://awesome-go.com/#database.