REF: functional implementation of shape module

[martinfleis]

Completely refactored shape.py. This was probably the easiest of them all.

Performance comparison on data covering whole Prague:

	old (s)	new (s)	comparison
form_factor	0.0177744	0.0144857	0.814978
fractal_dimension	0.011218	0.00919267	0.81946
facade_ratio	0.010366	0.00798157	0.769973
circular_compactness	3.75679	1.46005	0.388644
square_compactness	0.0107254	0.0082286	0.767205
convexity	0.491798	0.496109	1.00876
courtyard_index	0.141855	0.141236	0.99564
rectangularity	0.73733	0.738049	1.00097
shape_index	1.51152	1.50104	0.993067
corners	13.3684	4.04417	0.302518
squareness	13.595	5.92453	0.435787
equivalent_rectangular_index	0.872975	0.751531	0.860885
elongation	0.867414	0.735372	0.847775
centroid_corner_distance	31.7199	21.2256	0.669158
linearity	0.356025	0.0215537	0.0605398
compactness_weighted_axis	4.12308	1.68417	0.408473

Total speedup, to run all on a single city is 0.54, so we are now nearly twice as fast to compute the same.

@jGaboardi I am aware it is a loooong PR so can split it if you prefer that, but there's a ton of repetition in docstrings and tests so it is not that much.

I am also quite happy how the code looks compared to the original shape.py.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (4037c70) 97.4% compared to head (176b4b2) 97.5%.
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #550     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   97.4%   97.5%   +0.2%     
=======================================
  Files         26      28      +2     
  Lines       4328    4633    +305     
=======================================
+ Hits        4214    4519    +305     
  Misses       114     114             

Files	Coverage Δ
momepy/__init__.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
momepy/functional/_dimension.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
momepy/functional/_shape.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
momepy/functional/tests/test_shape.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)

[jGaboardi]

Total speedup, to run all on a single city is 0.54, so we are now nearly twice as fast to compute the same.

Amazing. Very cool work.

@jGaboardi I am aware it is a loooong PR so can split it if you prefer that, but there's a ton of repetition in docstrings and tests so it is not that much.

No need to split. I will hunker down and get it down.

[jGaboardi]

Just a couple small comments. Otherwise, v nice.