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How to Contribute

We'd love to get patches from you!

If you have any questions or run into any problems, please create an issue here, chat with us in gitter, or email the Finaglers mailing list.

Workflow

The workflow that we support:

  1. Fork util
  2. Check out the develop branch
  3. Make a feature branch (use git checkout -b "cool-new-feature")
  4. Make your cool new feature or bugfix on your branch
  5. Write a test for your change
  6. From your branch, make a pull request against twitter/util/develop
  7. Work with repo maintainers to get your change reviewed
  8. Wait for your change to be pulled into twitter/util/develop
  9. Merge twitter/util/develop into your origin develop
  10. Delete your feature branch

Checklist

There are a number of things we like to see in pull requests. Depending on the scope of your change, there may not be many to take care of, but please scan this list and see which apply. It's okay if something is missed; the maintainers will help out during code review.

  1. Include tests.
  2. Update the changelog for new features, API breakages, runtime behavior changes, deprecations, and bug fixes.
  3. All public APIs should have Scaladoc.
  4. When adding a constructor to an existing class or arguments to an existing method, in order to preserve backwards compatibility for Java users, avoid Scala's default arguments. Instead use explicit forwarding methods.
  5. The second argument of an @deprecated annotation should be the current date, in YYYY-MM-DD form.

Testing

We've standardized on using the ScalaTest testing framework. Because ScalaTest has such a big surface area, we use a restricted subset of it in our tests to keep them easy to read. We've chosen the assert API, not the Matchers one, and we use the FunSuite mixin, which supports xUnit-like semantics.

We encourage our contributors to ensure Java compatibility for any new public APIs they introduce. The easiest way to do so is to provide Java compilation tests and make sure the new API is easily accessible (typing X$.MODULE$ is not easy) from Java. These compilation tests also provide Java users with testable examples of the API usage. For an example of a Java compilation test see VarCompilationTest.java.

Note that while you will see a Travis CI status message in your pull request, this may not always be accurate, and in any case all changes will be tested internally at Twitter before being merged. We're working to make Travis CI more useful for development, but for now you don't need to worry if it's failing (assuming that you are able to build and test your changes locally).

Property-based testing

When appropriate, use ScalaCheck to write property-based tests for your code. This will often produce more thorough and effective inputs for your tests. We use ScalaTest's GeneratorDrivenPropertyChecks as the entry point for writing these tests.

Compatibility

We try to keep public APIs stable for the obvious reasons. Often, compatibility can be kept by adding a forwarding method. Note that we avoid adding default arguments because this is not a compatible change for our Java users. However, when the benefits outweigh the costs, we are willing to break APIs. The break should be noted in the Breaking API Changes section of the changelog. Note that changes to non-public APIs will not be called out in the changelog.

Java

While the project is written in Scala, its public APIs should be usable from Java. This occasionally works out naturally from the Scala interop, but more often than not, if care is not taken Java users will have rough corners (e.g. SomeCompanion$.MODULE$.someMethod() or a symbolic operator). We take a variety of approaches to minimize this.

  1. Add a "compilation" unit test, written in Java, that verifies the APIs are usable from Java.
  2. If there is anything gnarly, we add Java adapters either by adding a non-symbolic method name or by adding a class that does forwarding.
  3. Prefer abstract classes over traits as they are easier for Java developers to extend.

Style

We generally follow Effective Scala and the Scala Style Guide. When in doubt, look around the codebase and see how it's done elsewhere.

Please note that any additions or changes to the API must be thoroughly described in Scaladoc comments. We will also happily consider pull requests that improve the existing Scaladocs!

Issues

When creating an issue please try to ahere to the following format:

module-name: One line summary of the issue (less than 72 characters)

### Expected behavior

As concisely as possible, describe the expected behavior.

### Actual behavior

As concisely as possible, describe the observed behavior.

### Steps to reproduce the behavior

List all relevant steps to reproduce the observed behavior.

Pull Requests

Comments should be formatted to a width no greater than 80 columns.

Files should be exempt of trailing spaces.

We adhere to a specific format for commit messages. Please write your commit messages along these guidelines. Please keep the line width no greater than 80 columns (You can use fmt -n -p -w 80 to accomplish this).

module-name: One line description of your change (less than 72 characters)

Problem

Explain the context and why you're making that change.  What is the
problem you're trying to solve? In some cases there is not a problem
and this can be thought of being the motivation for your change.

Solution

Describe the modifications you've done.

Result

What will change as a result of your pull request? Note that sometimes
this section is unnecessary because it is self-explanatory based on
the solution.

Code Review

The Util repository on GitHub is kept in sync with an internal repository at Twitter. For the most part this process should be transparent to Util users, but it does have some implications for how pull requests are merged into the codebase.

When you submit a pull request on GitHub, it will be reviewed by the Util community (both inside and outside of Twitter), and once the changes are approved, your commits will be brought into the internal system for additional testing. Once the changes are merged internally, they will be pushed back to GitHub with the next release.

This process means that the pull request will not be merged in the usual way. Instead a member of the Util team will post a message in the pull request thread when your changes have made their way back to GitHub, and the pull request will be closed (see this pull request for an example). The changes in the pull request will be collapsed into a single commit, but the authorship metadata will be preserved.

Please let us know if you have any questions about this process!