Reference : The Official CompTIA Network+ Study Guide
๐๐๐ญ๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ค+ ๐๐๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐๐ข๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐๐จ๐ญ๐๐ฌ
- Started:
22nd Jan 2022 - End date: ``
๐๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ง ๐๐๐๐
- Explain the OSI and TCP/IP models
- Explain properties of network traffic
- Install and configure switched networks
- Configure IP networks
- Install and configure routed networks
- Configure and monitor ports and protocols
- Explain network application and storage issues
- Monitor and troubleshoot networks
- Explain network attacks and mitigations
- Install and configure security devices
- Explain authentication and access control
- Deploy and troubleshoot cabling solutions
- Implement and troubleshoot wireless technologies
- Compare and contrast WAN technologies
- Use remote access methods.
- Identify site policies and best practices.
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐/๐๐ ๐๐จ๐๐๐ฅ๐ฌ
- Describe the functions of layers of the OSI Model.
- Describe the functions of layers of the TCP/IP Model.
- Stands for Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model
- What is network?
- Two or more devices interconnected to each other are called as network.
- Devices connected to each other are called as nodes.
- The pathway by which they are connected is called as links.
- Local Area Network (LAN):
A network in single geographical location is called as Local Area Network/LAN
- Wide Area Network (WAN):
A network connecting large geographical location is called as Wide Area Network (WAN)
+---+ +----------------------------------+
| 7 | | Application Layer |
+---+ +----------------------------------+
+---+ +----------------------------------+
| 6 | | Presentation Layer |
+---+ +----------------------------------+
+---+ +----------------------------------+
| 5 | | Session Layer |
+---+ +----------------------------------+
+---+ +----------------------------------+
| 4 | | Transport Layer |
+---+ +----------------------------------+
+---+ +----------------------------------+
| 3 | | Network Layer |
+---+ +----------------------------------+
+---+ +----------------------------------+
| 2 | | Data Link Layer |
+---+ +----------------------------------+
+---+ +----------------------------------+
| 1 | | Physical Layer |
+---+ +----------------------------------+
- Mnemonic To remember all seven layers:
All People Seem to Need Data Processing - OSI model is not a standard or specification; it serves as a functional guideline to troubleshoot networks, and design network protocols, software's and appliances.
- What are protocols?
- So, protocols are the set of rules which enables communication by exchanging data in structured format.
- Two most basic functions of protocols are to:
- Describe where the data should go (addressing)
- Describe how the data should be packaged for transmission (encapsulation)
- At each layer, for two nodes to communicate they must be operating on same protocols.
- What is same layer interaction? Interaction between two nodes on same layer is called as same layer interaction.
- For adjacent layers, it is called as adjacent layer interaction.
- At each layer of data transmission except physical layer, the sending node adds a header to the data payload, forming a chunk of data called as protocol data unit (PDU). And the process is known as encapsulation.
- The receiving node performs a reverse process called as de-encapsulation or decapsulation
- A node is the term used to describe devices that can communication on a network.
- On a wireless network, the term is called as station.
- Term host is used in TCP/IP networking
- Physical layer is responsible for physically transform data either using cables or wireless using radio transmission.
- Devices operating at physical layers are:
- Transceivers : it is a part of network interface that sends and receives signals over the network media
- Repeater : A device that amplifies electronic signal to extend the maximum allowable distance for a media type.
- Hubs : A multiport repeater.
- Media Converters : Converts one media signaling type to another.
- Modems : converts between digital and analog signal transmission
26th January 2022
๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐ ๐ - ๐๐๐ ๐๐จ๐๐๐ฅ : ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ
- What is a network?
- What is nodes, what is links?
- What are LANs and WANs?
- what's the full form of OSI?
- What are the seven layers of OSI model?
- What is protocol?
- What is protocol data units?
- Describe physical layer?
- Which devices operates at the physical layer?
- What is data link layer?
- What is local/hardware addresses?
- What's the structured units where the streams of 1s and 0s arriving from the physical layer are organized in data link layer?
- Connectivity Devices in data link layer?
- What is network layer?
- What is transport layer?
- What is session layer?
- Describe session modes?
- what is Presentation layer?
- What is application layer?
- Summarize osi model.
- What is network?
- Two or more devices connected to each other where they can share information is called as a network.
- There are two components of a network:
- Nodes: Devices connected in a network
- Links: Pathway by which they are connected
- What is LAN and WAN?
- Network can be classified into different kind of networks depending on the size:
- In a single location : LAN (Local Area Network)
- connecting more than one location : WAN (Wide Area Network)
- Full form of OSI :
Open System Interconnection - Different layers of OSI:
- All people seem to need data Processing
- Application layer
- Presentation layer
- Session layer
- Transport layer
- Network layer
- Data link layer
- Physical layer
- I learned network, node and links
- OSI model full form
- LAN & WAN
- Layers of OSI Model
- Why OSI model and why layering?
- Because it adds structure to the data transmission.
- For example, when we divide a problem into steps on the basis of their functionality, understanding the problem becomes much easier, similar is the approach of OSI model.
- troubleshooting becomes much easier when a problem arises and it problem won't be able to affect other layers.
- What is protocol?
- Protocol is a set of rules which enables communication using structured exchange of data.
- What is PDU?
- PDU stands for Protocol data unit.
- When we have to transmit the information, we need to pass the data between each layer one by one. During this process, at each layer (except physical layer), the sending device add a header to the data payload in the form of a chunk, this chunk is called as Protocol data unit i.e. PDU. And the process is called as
encapsulation. The reverse is called asde-encapsulationordecapsulation.
- Describe the physical layer?
- this is the layer at which the data transmission begins
- Nodes in a computer network is connected using a physical media, this physical media can be cables or it can be wireless, this media is called as physical layer.
- Devices operating in the physical layer:
- Transceivers
- Repeater
- Hubs
- Media converters
- Modems
- Describe data link layer:
- Data link layer facilitates node to node data transmission.
- Data transmission from one physical device address to another.
- Connectivity Devices in data link layer:
- Network adapters or network interface cards (NICs)
- Bridge
- Switches
- Wireless access points (APs)
- Physical layer done
- Data link layer done
- Why we use OSI model also done
- Protocol and PDU also understood
- What is network layer?
- It is a layer responsible for moving the data along the network of networks.
- Describe transport layer:
- Transport layer is also known as host-to-host or end-to-end layer.
- It is responsible for identifying each type of network application by assigning it a port number.
- It is responsible for reliable data delivery.
- Describe session layer:
- it is responsible for establishing, managing and terminating communication between nodes.
- 3 modes a session can work:
- One-way/simplex => Only one sends and other receives
- Two-way alternate(TWA)/half-duplex: Hosts can send messages but not simultaneously
- Two-way simultaneous (TWS)/duplex: Hosts can send messages simultaneously
- Describe presentation layer:
- Presentation layer is responsible for converting data from network layer to a suitable format which can be used in application layer (and vice versa.)
- Describe application layer:
- application layer provides interface between software and network.
- network layer
- transport layer
- session layers
- presentation layer
- application layer
- OSI Model Summary:
+---+ +-----------------------+ +-----------------------+ +---------------------+ +-----------------+
| 7 | | Application | | Application | | Stateful/ | | |
+---+ +-----------------------+ | Protocol | | Application | | |
+---+ +-----------------------+ | (Web, Email, File | | Layer | | |
| 6 | | Presentation | | Transfer...) | | Security | | |
+---+ +-----------------------+ | | | Appliance | | Multilayer |
+---+ +-----------------------+ | | | | | switch |
| 5 | | Session | | | | | | |
+---+ +-----------------------+ +-----------------------+ | | | |
+---+ +-----------------------+ +=======================+ | | | |
| 4 | | Transport | | Segment | | | | |
+---+ +-----------------------+ +=======================+ +---------------------+ +-----------------+
+---+ +-----------------------+ +=============+ +================+ +====================+ +==============+
| 3 | | Network | | Datagram | | IP Address | | Basic Firewall | | Router |
+---+ +-----------------------+ +=============+ +================+ +====================+ +==============+
+---+ +-----------------------+ +==========+ +========================+ +============+ +=========+
| 2 | | Data link | --| Frame | | MAC Address / EUI | | Bridge | | Switch |
+---+ +-----------------------+ | +==========+ +========================+ +============+ +=========+
| Network | | Access |
| Adapter | | point |
+---+ +-----------------------+ | +=============+ +=========+ +=================+ +=====+
| 1 | | Physical | --| Transceiver | | Cable | | Media Converter | | Hub |
+---+ +-----------------------+ +=============+ +=========+ +=================+ +=====+
๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐ ๐ - ๐๐๐/๐๐ ๐๐จ๐๐๐ฅ : ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ
- What is protocol suite?
- Full form of TCP/IP suite?
- How many layers? and which are they?
- Comparison of TCP/IP with OSI model?
- What is Link/network layer?
- What is internet layer?
- What is transport layer?
- Connection-oriented delivery and connectionless delivery
- What is application layer?
- What is packet switching?
- what is circuit switching?
- What is protocol suite?
- A collection of protocols are called as a protocol suite.
- For communication to take place, two computers have to have protocols in common.
- Full form of TCP/IP -
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - TCP/IP Layers:
- Application layer
- Transport layer
- Internet layer
- Link/network layer
- Comparison of TCP/IP to OSI:
- OSI having more layers, it requires more power and bandwidth to transmit data from each layer, where as in TCP/IP a single layer does combined job of more than one layer - which is more efficient in real world networking.
- Plus actual protocol stacks are simpler than the OSI model.
- what is Link/network layer:
- This layer is equivalent to OSI physical and data link layers.
- It defines host connection to network Media.
- Internet layer:
- It provides addressing and routing function
- It uses several protocols:
- IP (Internet protocol)
- ARP (Address Resolution protocol)
- Transport layer:
- it establishes connections between the different applications that hosts communicate with.
- Connection less delivery of data : UDP (User Datagrapm protocol)
- Connection oriented delivery of data: TCP (Transmission Control protocol)
- Application layer:
- many tcp/ip services can be run at this layer.
- What is protocol suite?
- TCP/IP
- connection oriented and connectionless protocol: TCP vs UDP
- 4 Layers
- difference between osi and tCp ip
๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐: ๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ค ๐๐ซ๐๐๐๐ข๐
- Explain media types and access methods
- Deploy Ethernet Standards
- Describe the properties on MAC addressing and ARP and configure packet sniffers/protocol analyzers to capture and examine network traffic.
๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐ ๐: ๐๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฉ๐๐ฌ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐๐ฌ - ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ
- What is transmission medium?
- What are the types of transmission media?
- What is Cable?
- What is Wireless transmission media?
- Another name for wireless transmission Media?
- Why does digital signaling use line coding?
- Digital signaling vs analog signaling?
- What is bandwidth?
- What is baseband transmission?
- another name for bandwidth?
- what is baud rate?
- What is bit rate?
- Difference between baud and bit rate?
- What is attenuation?
- What is noise?
- What are different types of transmission media?
- Copper cable is used for?
- Fiber optic cable
- What is MAC?
- What is CSMA?
- What is CSMA/CD?
- What is CSMA/CA?
- Why we use switches?
- What is unicast traffic?
- what is broadcast traffic?
- What is VLAN?
- Skimmed Lesson Two
- Read a lil about topic a and written questions.
๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐ ๐: ๐๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฉ๐๐ฌ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐๐ฌ - ๐๐จ๐ญ๐๐ฌ
- What is transmission medium?
- it is a physical channel via which signal travels.
- Types of transmission media:
- There are two types:
- Cable : data is transmitted via cables. Also known as bounded media
- Wireless : data is transmitted wireless. Also known as unbounded media.
- What is line coding?
- Line coding is a series of discrete pulses.
- Why digital signaling use line coding?
- Line coding makes data transmission less susceptible to interference, and it makes it easier to regenerate transmission over longer distances.
- Analog signaling?
- It means physical signal transmission.
- It is characterized by a smooth sine wave oscillating between maximum and minimum values over time.
- What is bandwidth?
- it is a range of frequencies available to the communication channel.
- Unit: Hertz (Hz)
- What is baseband transmission?
- It means complete bandwidth of the media is available to single transmission channel.
- It is used by digital signaling.
- What is data rate?
- the amount of information that can be transferred per second is called as data rate.
- it is determined by combination of signaling speed (baud) and encoding method. Distance and noise also contributes
- What is baud rate?
- Series of events inside a signal are called as symbols. a symbol can be pulse, etc.
- number of symbols that can be transmitted per second is called as baud rate.
- Unit: hertz
- What is bit rate?
- Amount of information measured in bits per second (bps) that can be transmitted is called as bit rate.
- What is attenuation?
- loss of signal strength is called attenuation.
- it is measured in dB (decibels)
- What is noise?
- Anything except intended signal is noise.
- error can be calculated using signal to noise ratio (SNR)
- Transmission Media types:
- Copper cable : two main types - twisted pair and coaxial (coax)
- Fiber optic cables
- wireless radio
- bandwidth
- baseband transmission
- data rate
- baud rate
- bit rate
- transmission media type
- attenuation
- noise
- transmission medium, its types
- signaling - digital and analog
- line coding
- What is MAC?
- MAC stands for media access control
- It is a method network technology uses to determine when nodes can communicate on the media and deal with possible problems
- What is CSMA?
- it is the ethernet governing protocol that governs contention and media access.
- Full form:
Carrier sense multiple access
- Carrier sense -- detect activity on the Media
- Multiple access -- multiple nodes using the same media
- CSMA/CD : CSMA with collision detection
- CSMA/CA : CSMA with collision avoidance
[TO DO: Do questions after CSMA]****************
๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐ ๐: ๐๐๐ฉ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฒ ๐๐ญ๐ก๐๐ซ๐ง๐๐ญ ๐๐ญ๐๐ง๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฌ - ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ
- What is the basic format of an Ethernet frame?
- What is preamble and SFD?
- What is addressing?
- What is MTU?
- How error checking works?
- Describe fast ethernet?
- Describe gigabit ethernet
[To Do: Topic B: Notes]
๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐ ๐: ๐๐จ๐ง๐๐ข๐ ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐จ๐ซ ๐ง๐๐ญ๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ค ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐๐ซ๐๐๐๐๐ฌ - ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ
- What is NIC?
- Describe MAC address format.
- What is unicast and broadcast?
- Describe ARP
- What are packet sniffers
- describe tcpdump
[To Do: Topic C: Notes]
- written questions on topic B and C