This package provides a function-based API for filtering collections of heterogeneous, nested dictionaries or complex objects. It has 100% test coverage.
At the core of the API is the q_filter function, which is like
the built-in filter function, but take any number of predicate functions
rather than just one.
The remainder of the functions in this package are used to construct predicates that evaluate items or attributes within filtered objects.
Inspired by the more class-based QueryableList.
This package is best suited to nested, heterogeneous data that one might find in a serialised HTTP response body.
pip install query-filterIn the next few examples, we'll be filtering a typical response from boto3,
the python client for Amazon Web Services.
If we want to get data that have AssociatePublicIpAddress
set to True, we can do the following:
>>> from query_filter import q_filter, q
>>> results = q_filter(
versions_data["LaunchTemplateVersions"],
q["LaunchTemplateData"]["NetworkInterfaces"][0]["AssociatePublicIpAddress"]
)
>>> results
<filter at 0x7f3515cba240>
>>> list(results)
[{'CreateTime': datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 20, 12, 52, 33),
'DefaultVersion': True,
'LaunchTemplateData': {'ImageId': 'ami-aabbcc11',
'KeyName': 'kp-us-east',
'NetworkInterfaces': [{'AssociatePublicIpAddress': True,
'DeleteOnTermination': False,
'DeviceIndex': 0,
'Groups': ['sg-7c227019'],
'SubnetId': 'subnet-7b16de0c',
'PrivateIpAddress': '80.141.44.12'}],
'UserData': ''},
'CreditSpecification': {'CpuCredits': 'standard'},
'CpuOptions': {'CoreCount': 1, 'ThreadsPerCore': 2},
'LaunchTemplateId': 'lt-068f72b72934aff71',
'VersionNumber': 1}]The filter above doesn't use == True but rather checks
the truthiness of the "AssociatePublicIpAddress" key's value.
The equivalent generator expression for a simple query likes this is less readable.
>>> from typing import Collection
>>> results = (
version for version in versions_data["LaunchTemplateVersions"]
if version.get("LaunchTemplateData", {}).get("NetworkInterfaces") and
isinstance(version["LaunchTemplateData"]["NetworkInterfaces"], Collection) and
version["LaunchTemplateData"]["NetworkInterfaces"][0].get("AssociatePublicIpAddress")
)This example is excessively defensive, but hopefully it explains the motivation behind this tool.
A get call is needed in the generator expression above because the item
"AssociatePublicIpAddress" is sometimes missing.
The first two conditions aren't strictly needed to filter the example data.
However, they do illustrate the fact that q_item predicates silently
return False if "LaunchTemplateData" is not present, or
if "NetworkInterfaces" is missing, is not a collection
or is an empty collection.
We can combine custom queries with those created with the help of this package. The following predicate can be used to ensure that the launch template versions specify a sufficient number of threads.
def threads_gte(min_threads: int):
def pred(version: dict):
cores = version["CpuOptions"]["CoreCount"]
threads = version["CpuOptions"]["ThreadsPerCore"]
return cores * threads >= min_threads
return predHere we're using q_any, which combines the predicates passed into it,
returning True if at least one of them is satisfied.
>>> from query_filter import q, q_any, q_filter
>>> results = q_filter(
versions_data["LaunchTemplateVersions"],
q_any(
threads_gte(5),
q["CreditSpecification"]["CpuCredits"] == "unlimited"
)
)
>>> list(results)
[{'CreateTime': datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 20, 15, 45, 33),
'DefaultVersion': False,
'LaunchTemplateData': {'ImageId': 'ami-cc3e8abf',
'KeyName': 'kp-us-east',
'NetworkInterfaces': [{'DeviceIndex': 0,
'Groups': ['sg-7c227019'],
'SubnetId': 'subnet-a4579fe6',
'Ipv6Addresses': [{'Ipv6Address': '4f08:ea60:17f9:3e89:4d66:2e8c:259c:d1a9'},
{'Ipv6Address': 'b635:26ad:8fdf:a274:88dc:cf8c:47df:26b7'},
{'Ipv6Address': 'eb7a:5a31:f899:dd8c:e566:3307:a45e:dcf6'}],
'Ipv6AddressCount': 3,
'PrivateIpAddress': '80.141.152.14'}]},
'CpuOptions': {'CoreCount': 4, 'ThreadsPerCore': 1},
'CreditSpecification': {'CpuCredits': 'unlimited'},
'LaunchTemplateId': 'lt-aaa68831cce2a8d91',
'VersionNumber': 4},
{'CreateTime': datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 20, 19, 4, 54),
'DefaultVersion': False,
'LaunchTemplateData': {'ImageId': 'ami-2f7ac02a',
'KeyName': 'kp-us-east',
'NetworkInterfaces': [{'DeviceIndex': 0,
'Groups': ['sg-1c628b25'],
'SubnetId': 'subnet-a4579fe6',
'Ipv6Addresses': [{'Ipv6Address': 'f486:915c:2be9:b0da:7d60:3fae:d65a:e8d8'},
{'Ipv6Address': 'eb7a:5a31:f899:dd8c:e566:3307:a45e:dcf6'}],
'Ipv6AddressCount': 2,
'PrivateIpAddress': '80.141.152.136'}]},
'CpuOptions': {'CoreCount': 3, 'ThreadsPerCore': 2},
'CreditSpecification': {'CpuCredits': 'standard'},
'LaunchTemplateId': 'lt-aaa68831cce2a8d91',
'VersionNumber': 5}]This can be useful if you're working with objects that have a lot of "has-a" relationships to other objects. For brevity, a hacky binary tree-like class is used to build a fictional ancestor chart.
>>> class Node:
instances = []
def __init__(self, name, mother=None, father=None):
self.name = name
self.mother = mother
self.father = father
self.instances.append(self)
def __repr__(self):
return (f"Node('{self.name}', mother={repr(self.mother)}, "
f"father={repr(self.father)})")
>>> Node(name='Tiya Meadows',
mother=Node('Isobel Meadows (nee Walsh)',
mother=Node(name='Laura Walsh (nee Stanton)',
mother=Node('Opal Eastwood (nee Plant)'),
father=Node('Alan Eastwood')),
father=Node(name='Jimmy Walsh')),
father=Node(name='Isaac Meadows',
mother=Node('Halle Meadows (nee Perkins)'),
father=Node('Wilbur Meadows')))To demonstrate the syntax, we can filter for the root node by their great-great-grandmother.
>>> from query_filter import q, q_contains, q_filter
>>> results = q_filter(
Node.instances,
q_contains(q.mother.mother.mother.name, "Opal Eastwood")
)
>>> list(results)
[Node('Tiya Meadows', mother=Node('Isobel Meadows (nee Walsh)', mother=Node('Laura Walsh (nee Stanton)', mother=Node('Opal Eastwood (nee Plant)', mother=None, father=None), father=Node('Alan Eastwood', mother=None, father=None)), father=Node('Jimmy Walsh', mother=None, father=None)), father=Node('Isaac Meadows', mother=Node('Halle Meadows (nee Perkins)', mother=None, father=None), father=Node('Wilbur Meadows', mother=None, father=None)))]q_contains above is the equivalent of the expression:
"Opal Eastwood" in Node.instances.mother.mother.mother.name.
It is one of several functions that enable us to create queries
based on operators that cannot be overloaded in the same way
as the comparison operators.
Here is another example:
>>> from query_filter import q, q_is_not, q_matches_regex, q_filter
>>> results = q_filter(Node.instances,
q_matches_regex(q.name, r"Walsh(?! \(nee)"),
q_is_not(q.father, None))
>>> list(results)
[Node('Isobel Meadows (nee Walsh)', mother=Node('Laura Walsh (nee Stanton)', mother=Node('Opal Eastwood (nee Plant)', mother=None, father=None), father=Node('Alan Eastwood', mother=None, father=None)), father=Node('Jimmy Walsh', mother=None, father=None))]query_filter.q_filter
This is an alias for query_filter.q_filter_all.
query_filter.q_filter_all(objects: Iterable, *preds) -> Iterable[Any]
Returns a filter iterator containing objects for which all of the predicates in preds are true.
query_filter.q_filter_any(objects: Iterable, *preds) -> Iterable[Any]
Returns a filter iterator containing objects for which any of the predicates in preds are true.
query_filter.q_filter_not_any(objects: Iterable, *preds) -> Iterable[Any]
Returns a filter iterator containing objects for which none of the predicates in preds is true.
query_filter.q_all(*preds: Callable) -> Callable
Returns a predicate that returns True if all predicates
in preds return True.
query_filter.q_any(*preds: Callable) -> Callable
Returns a predicate that returns True if any predicates
in preds return True.
query_filter.q_not(pred: Callable) -> Callable
Returns a predicate that returns True if the predicate pred returns False.
The Query class, an instance of which is always imported as q
is used to specify attribute and item access.
It provides a way of specifying lookups on objects. For instance, this would could be used to filter for orders created in May:
>>> results = q_filter(orders, q.metadata['date_created'].month == 5)The class supports some operators which offer the most convenient API for building queries.
The Query class supports all six comparison operators:
<, <=, ==, !=, > and >=.
The bitwise not operator ~ negates the truthiness of the Query object.
For example q.is_active will produce a predicate that returns True if
an object has an attributes named is_active and that attribute's value
is truthy.
~q.is_active will produce the opposite result.
There are some useful operators such as is that cannot be overloaded.
Most of the functions below replace these.
query_filter.q_is_in(query: Query, container: Container) -> Callable[[Any], bool]
Returns a predicate that's true if the queried object is in the container argument.
query_filter.q_contains(query: Query, member: Any) -> Callable[[Container], bool]
Returns a predicate that's true if the queried object contains the member argument.
query_filter.q_is(query: Query, criterion: Any) -> Callable[[Any], bool]
Returns a predicate that's true if the queried object is identical to the criterion object.
query_filter.q_is_not(query, criterion: Any) -> Callable[[Any], bool]
Returns a predicate that's true if the queried object is not identical to the criterion object.
query_filter.q_matches_regex(query: Query, pattern: str | bytes) -> [[str | bytes], bool]
This function may be convenient when working with strings and byte strings.
It returns a predicate that's true if the queried object matches the regular expression
pattern argument.
If you want to run tests, you'll first need to install the package from source and make it editable. Ensuring that you're in the root directory of this repo, enter:
pip install -e .
pip install -r requirements/development.txt
pytestTo run tests with coverage:
coverage run --source "query_filter" -m pytest tests
coverage report- Query all items in an iterable rather than just one using
... - Build queries out of
Queryobjects using the&and|operators - Make silent failure when retrieving attributes and items optional