Clustering: Add a step_kmeans()

[mdancho84]

Love embed. It would be super awesome if there was a step_kmeans() or step_cluster() that added cluster assignments to a data frame.

Why?

Cluster assignments are super important for segmentation. K-Means and similar algorithms (e.g. K-modes) can help us to identify customer groups.

Embed

Embed is a good spot for this. step_umap() is a similar algorithm that I often use in combination with K-Means.

Let me know what you think.

Thanks, Matt

[topepo]

This was previously discussed in tidymodels/recipes#399; I wasn't sold on what the poster wanted to return and they added a step function to their own package.

You might also want to take a look at tidymodels/planning#12. For non-preprocessing needs, I think that @kbodwin's thoughts are spot-on.

It would be good as long as the output is a factor variable that denotes the cluster that the sample belongs to. For new data, we can use a nearest centroid (or mediod) approach to assign new samples (but this is dependent on the clustering method).

I'd support this but don't have the time to do it; you'd have to start a PR.

[topepo]

I'll close but please add a PR if this is important.

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