Add --deps and --deps-format flags for emitting a dependency list

[magistau]

This PR replaces --make-deps with two new flags:

• --deps — where to write the list of dependencies
• --deps-format — one of zero, json, make:
  • make: Makefile format, matches the behavior of --make-deps

    main.pdf: lib.typ /home/tau/.cache/typst/packages/preview/physica/0.9.6/physica.typ /home/tau/.cache/typst/packages/preview/physica/0.9.6/typst.toml main.typ image.png

  • json: JSON array of strings, each string being a (relative) path to a dependency

    ["lib.typ","/home/tau/.cache/typst/packages/preview/physica/0.9.6/physica.typ","/home/tau/.cache/typst/packages/preview/physica/0.9.6/typst.toml","main.typ","image.png"]

  • zero: sequence of strings delimited by a NUL byte

    lib.typ␀/home/tau/.cache/typst/packages/preview/physica/0.9.6/physica.typ␀/home/tau/.cache/typst/packages/preview/physica/0.9.6/typst.toml␀main.typ␀image.png␀
    

Comparison of formats:

Name	Human-readable (-2..=+2)	Machine-readable (-2..=+2)	Allowed dependency paths
Makefile	+1	-1 (largely unstandardized, essentially defined by an implementation — in fact, --make-deps was implemented by rewriting a part of GCC in Rust, and the GCC code says something like "well GNU Make does this; note that this still breaks sometimes")	Valid Unicode without certain characters like $
JSON	0 (can be improved to +1 by using "pretty" option)	+1 (standard is short and concise, easy to implement in any language, used by most utilities, but still requires stuff like escape processing)	Valid Unicode
Zero/Null/text0	-0.5 (needs bat -A or similar)	+2 (doesn't require any sort of escape parsing, can be parsed without copying)	Anything without NUL (which AFAIK is forbidden on all existing systems)

Scale used:

• (-2, +2) is Protobuf and similar (cannot be read by a human, close to a memory dump for a machine)
• (0, 0) is something like XML (still can be read by a layperson and is well-defined, but is quite verbose and requires effort from both)
• (+2, -2) is a free-form natural language description (the native tongue for humans, absolutely unreadable for machines, and even complicated NLP stuff is still imperfect)

Unresolved questions:

• What should be the default --deps-format? Currently it's zero, because it's the only lossless one, but I admit it's not the most common format. Maybe use JSON as the middle ground?
• Should JSON be minified?
• What should be the name of the NUL-delimited format? It's too simple to have a standard (the only possible disagreement is whether the file should include a trailing NUL, but I haven't yet seen a tool not including one), so there's no standard name. I chose zero, because null can be confused for "lack of value", and text0 is a bit longer and includes combines letters and digits, which a part of my brain doesn't like for some reason.

(continuation of #6648)

[chekoopa]

Shall the old option exist for some time as deprecated?

[laurmaedje]

I wanted to include this in 0.14 since #6648 was being ignored for so long, but didn't have the time for review back and forth in time for the release, so I refactored this myself. In particular, I also readded the old option as deprecated.

Unfortunately, I could not push to the PR as usual (the relevant permission was disabled). If you want, you can push the commits I pushed to https://github.com/typst/typst/tree/deps-format to this PR and I'll merge later today. Otherwise, I'll have to create a new PR and close this one.

---

Regarding your unresolved questions, I made the following decisions.

What should be the default --deps-format? Currently it's zero, because it's the only lossless one, but I admit it's not the most common format. Maybe use JSON as the middle ground?

Yes, I prefer JSON.

Should JSON be minified?

I think minified is appropriate.

What should be the name of the NUL-delimited format?

Zero is fine.

[magistau]

Unfortunately, I could not push to the PR as usual (the relevant permission was disabled). If you want, you can push the commits I pushed to https://github.com/typst/typst/tree/deps-format to this PR and I'll merge later today.

Fixed

[laurmaedje]

Thanks! Also for the patience with all of this. I'm now quite happy with the final result.