ST7789 Driver for MicroPython

Overview

This is a driver for MicroPython to handle cheap displays based on ST7789 chip.

It supports both 240x240 and 135x240 variants of displays.

It is written in pure C, so you have to build firmware by yourself. ESP8266, ESP32, and STM32 ports are supported for now.

Connecting to the Raspberry Pi Pico

This repository is a fork of https://github.com/devbis/st7789_mpy/ focused on the Raspberry Pi Pico.

Here is a firmware for the rp2040 with the st7789 module: rp2-st7789-20210412.uf2. It is based on the github version of MicroPython from 2021-04-12.

Here is a sample wiring for connecting the Adafruit 1.3 LCD display to the Raspberry PI Pico:

(the source [fritzing]() file is [here](adafruit-1.3-display.fzz).) The "Lite" pin is not connected to make it fit on a mini breadboard.

Building instruction

Prepare build tools as described in the manual. You should follow the instruction for building MicroPython and ensure that you can build the firmware without this display module.

Clone this module alongside the MPY sources:

$ git clone https://github.com/devbis/st7789_mpy.git

Go to MicroPython ports directory and for ESP8266 run:

$ cd micropython/ports/esp8266

for ESP32:

$ cd micropython/ports/esp32

And then compile the module with specified USER_C_MODULES dir

$ make USER_C_MODULES=../../../st7789_mpy/ all

For rp2040 (requires micropython 1.15):

$ cd micropython/ports/rp2

And then compile the module with specified USER_C_MODULES dir

$ make USER_C_MODULES=../../../st7789_mpy/st7789/micropython.cmake all

If you have other user modules, copy the st7789_driver/st7789 to the user modules directory

Upload the resulting firmware to your MCU as usual with esptool.py (See MicroPython docs for more info)

$ make deploy

Working examples

This module was tested on ESP32 and ESP8266 MCUs.

You have to provide machine.SPI object and at least two pins for RESET and DC pins on the screen for the display object.

# ESP 8266

import machine
import st7789
spi = machine.SPI(1, baudrate=40000000, polarity=1)
display = st7789.ST7789(spi, 240, 240, reset=machine.Pin(5, machine.Pin.OUT), dc=machine.Pin(4, machine.Pin.OUT))
display.init()

For ESP32 modules you have to provide specific pins for SPI. Unfortunately, I was unable to run this display on SPI(1) interface. For machine.SPI(2) == VSPI you have to use

• CLK: Pin(18)
• MOSI: Pin(23)

Other SPI pins are not used.

# ESP32

import machine
import st7789
spi = machine.SPI(2, baudrate=40000000, polarity=1, sck=machine.Pin(18), mosi=machine.Pin(23))
display = st7789.ST7789(spi, 240, 240, reset=machine.Pin(4, machine.Pin.OUT), dc=machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT))
display.init()

I couldn't run the display on an SPI with baudrate higher than 40MHZ

Also, the driver was tested on STM32 board:

# STM32

import machine
import st7789
spi = machine.SPI(2, baudrate=12000000, polarity=1)
display = st7789.ST7789(spi, 135, 240, reset=machine.Pin('B3', machine.Pin.OUT), dc=machine.Pin('B6', machine.Pin.OUT))
display.init()

For the rp2040 with the wiring shown above use:

import machine
import st7789

spi = machine.SPI(1, baudrate=500_000_000, polarity=1)
display = st7789.ST7789(
    spi, 240, 240,
    reset=machine.Pin(15, machine.Pin.OUT),
    dc=machine.Pin(14, machine.Pin.OUT),
    cs=machine.Pin(13, machine.Pin.OUT),
)
display.init()

Methods

This driver supports only 16bit colors in RGB565 notation.

• ST7789.fill(color)

  Fill the entire display with the specified color.

• ST7789.pixel(x, y, color)

  Set the specified pixel to the given color.

• ST7789.line(x0, y0, x1, y1, color)

  Draws a single line with the provided color from (x0, y0) to (x1, y1).

• ST7789.hline(x, y, length, color)

  Draws a single horizontal line with the provided color and length in pixels. Along with vline, this is a fast version with reduced number of SPI calls.

• ST7789.vline(x, y, length, color)

  Draws a single horizontal line with the provided color and length in pixels.

• ST7789.rect(x, y, width, height, color)

  Draws a rectangle from (x, y) with corresponding dimensions

• ST7789.fill_rect(x, y, width, height, color)

  Fill a rectangle starting from (x, y) coordinates

• ST7789.blit_buffer(buffer, x, y, width, height)

  Copy bytes() or bytearray() content to the screen internal memory. Note: every color requires 2 bytes in the array

Also, the module exposes predefined colors: BLACK, BLUE, RED, GREEN, CYAN, MAGENTA, YELLOW, and WHITE

Helper functions

• color565(r, g, b)

  Pack a color into 2-bytes rgb565 format

• map_bitarray_to_rgb565(bitarray, buffer, width, color=WHITE, bg_color=BLACK)

  Convert a bitarray to the rgb565 color buffer which is suitable for blitting. Bit 1 in bitarray is a pixel with color and 0 - with bg_color.

  This is a helper with a good performance to print text with a high resolution font. You can use an awesome tool https://github.com/peterhinch/micropython-font-to-py to generate a bitmap fonts from .ttf and use them as a frozen bytecode from the ROM memory.

Performance

For the comparison I used an excellent library for Arduino that can handle this screen.

https://github.com/ananevilya/Arduino-ST7789-Library/

Also, I used my slow driver for this screen, written in pure python.

https://github.com/devbis/st7789py_mpy/

I used these modules to draw a line from 0,0 to 239,239 The table represents the time in milliseconds for each case

	Arduino-ST7789	st7789py_mpy	st7789_mpy
ESP8266	26	450	12
ESP32	23	450	47

As you can see, the ESP32 module draws a line 4 times slower than the older ESP8266 module.

Troubleshooting

Overflow of iram1_0_seg

When building a firmware for esp8266 you can see this failure message from the linker:

LINK build/firmware.elf
xtensa-lx106-elf-ld: build/firmware.elf section `.text' will not fit in region `iram1_0_seg'
xtensa-lx106-elf-ld: region `iram1_0_seg' overflowed by 292 bytes
Makefile:192: recipe for target 'build/firmware.elf' failed

To fix this issue, you have to put st7789 module to irom0 section. Edit esp8266_common.ld file in the ports/esp8266 dir and add a line

*st7789/*.o(.literal* .text*)

in the .irom0.text : ALIGN(4) section

Unsupported dimensions

This driver supports only 240x240 and 135x240 pixel displays. If you have a display with an unsupported resolution, you can pass xstart and ystart parameters to the display constructor to set the required offsets.