脱离Eureka等服务注册与发现组件,使用Zuul和Ribbon来做网关负载均衡,可以在application.properties中配置listOfServer指定后台主机地址。 然而这种方式存在一些弊端,强依赖配置文件,无法做到实时变更和维护。
通过构建自定义的路由加载类、service-id等配置,可以实现从数据库或者其他地方加载路有规则。 同时还可以实现自定义的ServerList、IRule、IPing等来维护网关的可扩展性。
采用配置文件的路由规则配置通常采用如下方式。
#定义名为ironman的路由规则,负载均衡的主机使用ribbon的listOfServers配置
#可以采用以下方式配置路由规则的IRule、IPing、ServerList等
#<clientName>.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerClassName: Should implement ILoadBalancer
#<clientName>.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: Should implement IRule
#<clientName>.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerPingClassName: Should implement IPing
#<clientName>.ribbon.NIWSServerListClassName: Should implement ServerList
#<clientName>.ribbon.NIWSServerListFilterClassName: Should implement ServerListFilter
zuul.routes.ironman.path=/**
zuul.routes.ironman.service-id=fly
fly.ribbon.listOfServers=http://localhost:9000,http://localhost:9001
fly.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName=com.wpstan.custom.ribbon.CustomRule
fly.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerPingClassName=com.wpstan.custom.ribbon.CustomPing
fly.ribbon.NIWSServerListClassName=com.wpstan.custom.ribbon.CustomServerList
自定义Zuul配置类,采用CustomRouteLocator类来加载路由规则。
@Configuration
public class CustomZuulConfig {
private final ZuulProperties zuulProperties;
private final ServerProperties serverProperties;
@Autowired
public CustomZuulConfig(ZuulProperties zuulProperties,ServerProperties serverProperties){
this.zuulProperties = zuulProperties;
this.serverProperties = serverProperties;
}
@Bean
public CustomRouteLocator routeLocator(){
CustomRouteLocator routeLocator = new CustomRouteLocator(serverProperties.getServlet().getContextPath(), zuulProperties);
return routeLocator;
}
}
自定义Zuul路由规则加载类,重写locateRoutes方法,首先从配置加载,再从其他地方加载。
ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute zuulRoute = new ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute();
zuulRoute.setId("ironman");
zuulRoute.setServiceId("fly");
zuulRoute.setPath("/**");
routesMap.put(zuulRoute.getPath(), zuulRoute);
自定义Ribbon的配置类,用以指定RibbonClient采用CustomRibbonClientConfiguration类进行初始化。
@RibbonClients(
defaultConfiguration = {CustomRibbonClientConfiguration.class}
)
自定义ribbon相关的配置类,可以在此类中构造IPing、IRule、ServerList等数据。 可以从数据库配置中根据ribbon的service-id来构造不同的IPing、IRule、ServerList等实现类。 当service-id没有构造的时候,会从此类中进行构造。
public class CustomRibbonClientConfiguration extends RibbonClientConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@Override
public IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig() {
IClientConfig config = super.ribbonClientConfig();
//可以增加一些配置,例如Ping后台主机的时间间隔5s
config.set(CommonClientConfigKey.NFLoadBalancerPingInterval, 5);
//可以在此设置Ping实现类(无需重写ribbonPing,base中会根据如下配置反射构造IPing),也可以使用方法直接构造,例如下面的ribbonPing()方法
config.set(CommonClientConfigKey.NFLoadBalancerPingClassName,"com.wpstan.custom.ribbon.CustomPing");
//设置MaxAutoRetries为2,确保某个服务挂的瞬间,ServerStats的Successive Connection Failure大于或等于
//ServerStats中的connectionFailureThreshold的默认次数3。这样ServerStats的isCircuitBreakerTripped才被置位短路。
//在Retry重试的时候,CustomRule中Choose下一个服务的时候,确保之前的服务已经短路,选用下一个服务,否则可能继续选择不可用服务导致报错。
//还有一种方式就是调小ServerStats的connectionFailureThreshold。
config.set(CommonClientConfigKey.MaxAutoRetries, 2);
return config;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@Override
public ServerList<Server> ribbonServerList(IClientConfig config) {
CustomServerList serverList = new CustomServerList();
serverList.initWithNiwsConfig(config);
return serverList;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@Override
public IRule ribbonRule(IClientConfig config) {
CustomRule rule = new CustomRule();
rule.initWithNiwsConfig(config);
return rule;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@Override
public IPing ribbonPing(IClientConfig config) {
return new CustomPing();
}
}
自定义ServerList类,等价于重写listOfServer配置,通过getUpdatedListOfServers来维护service-id对应的后台主机服务。 PollingServerListUpdater类定时任务更新时,会调用getUpdatedListOfServers方法。
public class CustomServerList implements ServerList<Server>, IClientConfigAware {
private IClientConfig clientConfig;
@Override
public List<Server> getInitialListOfServers() {
return getUpdatedListOfServers();
}
@Override
public List<Server> getUpdatedListOfServers() {
List<Server> servers = new ArrayList<>();
Server server1 = new Server("http://localhost:9000");
Server server2 = new Server("http://localhost:9001");
servers.add(server1);
servers.add(server2);
return servers;
}
@Override
public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig iClientConfig) {
this.clientConfig = iClientConfig;
}
}
自定义IPing类,通过定时任务,维护后台机器活性,采用HttpClient与后台机器通信。
@Override
public boolean isAlive(Server server) {
String urlStr = "";
if (this.isSecure) {
urlStr = "https://";
} else {
urlStr = "http://";
}
urlStr = urlStr + server.getId();
urlStr = urlStr + this.getPingAppendString();
boolean isAlive = false;
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
HttpUriRequest getRequest = new HttpGet(urlStr);
String content = null;
try {
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(getRequest);
content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
isAlive = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200;
if (this.getExpectedContent() != null) {
if (content == null) {
isAlive = false;
} else if (content.equals(this.getExpectedContent())) {
isAlive = true;
} else {
isAlive = false;
}
}
} catch (IOException var11) {
var11.printStackTrace();
} finally {
getRequest.abort();
}
return isAlive;
}
自定义IRule类,RibbonRoutingFilter过滤器会根据请求的url地址,首先匹配service-id, 然后根据service-id匹配的IRule实现类,从IRule中获取一个目的主机地址,当前CustomRule采用IP Hash算法,同时根据ServerStatus维护的主机状态获取目的主机。
public Server choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key) {
//首先获取可用的后台主机,可用的后台主机会根据定时任务不断调用ServerList中的getUpdatedListOfServers()方法来维护
List<Server> upServerList = lb.getReachableServers();
RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = requestContext.getRequest();
//获取IP地址,根据IP地址做Hash
String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
int hashCode = Math.abs(ip.hashCode());
int num = hashCode % upServerList.size();
LoadBalancerStats loadBalancerStats = ((AbstractLoadBalancer) lb).getLoadBalancerStats();
//ServerStats类维护的是后台主机的状态
ServerStats serverStats = loadBalancerStats.getSingleServerStat(upServerList.get(num));
System.out.println("当前机器失败次数:" + serverStats.getServer().getId()+" "+serverStats.getSuccessiveConnectionFailureCount());
int count = 0;
//轮训判断后台服务是否短路挂起
while (serverStats.isCircuitBreakerTripped()) {
if (++count >= upServerList.size()) {
return null;
}
num = (num + 1) % upServerList.size();
serverStats = loadBalancerStats.getSingleServerStat(upServerList.get(num));
}
System.out.println("#####:选择了" + serverStats.getServer().getId());
return upServerList.get(num);
}