graphite.go

// Copyright 2016 The Prometheus Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// Package graphite provides a bridge to push Prometheus metrics to a Graphite
// server.
package graphitebridge

import (
	"bufio"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math"
	"net"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"context"

	"github.com/prometheus/common/expfmt"
	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"

	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"

	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
)

const (
	defaultInterval       = 15 * time.Second
	millisecondsPerSecond = 1000
)

// HandlerErrorHandling defines how a Handler serving metrics will handle
// errors.
type HandlerErrorHandling int

// These constants cause handlers serving metrics to behave as described if
// errors are encountered.
const (
	// Ignore errors and try to push as many metrics to Graphite as possible.
	ContinueOnError HandlerErrorHandling = iota

	// Abort the push to Graphite upon the first error encountered.
	AbortOnError
)

var metricCategoryPrefix = []string{
	"proxy_",
	"api_",
	"page_",
	"alerting_",
	"aws_",
	"db_",
	"stat_",
	"go_",
	"process_"}

var trimMetricPrefix = []string{"grafana_"}

// Config defines the Graphite bridge config.
type Config struct {
	// The url to push data to. Required.
	URL string

	// The prefix for the pushed Graphite metrics. Defaults to empty string.
	Prefix string

	// The interval to use for pushing data to Graphite. Defaults to 15 seconds.
	Interval time.Duration

	// The timeout for pushing metrics to Graphite. Defaults to 15 seconds.
	Timeout time.Duration

	// The Gatherer to use for metrics. Defaults to prometheus.DefaultGatherer.
	Gatherer prometheus.Gatherer

	// The logger that messages are written to. Defaults to no logging.
	Logger Logger

	// ErrorHandling defines how errors are handled. Note that errors are
	// logged regardless of the configured ErrorHandling provided Logger
	// is not nil.
	ErrorHandling HandlerErrorHandling

	// Graphite does not support ever increasing counter the same way
	// prometheus does. Rollups and ingestion might cannot handle ever
	// increasing counters. This option allows enabled the caller to
	// calculate the delta by saving the last sent counter in memory
	// and subtraction it from the collected value before sending.
	CountersAsDelta bool
}

// Bridge pushes metrics to the configured Graphite server.
type Bridge struct {
	url              string
	prefix           string
	countersAsDetlas bool
	interval         time.Duration
	timeout          time.Duration

	errorHandling HandlerErrorHandling
	logger        Logger

	g prometheus.Gatherer

	lastValue map[model.Fingerprint]float64
}

// Logger is the minimal interface Bridge needs for logging. Note that
// log.Logger from the standard library implements this interface, and it is
// easy to implement by custom loggers, if they don't do so already anyway.
type Logger interface {
	Println(v ...interface{})
}

// NewBridge returns a pointer to a new Bridge struct.
func NewBridge(c *Config) (*Bridge, error) {
	b := &Bridge{}

	if c.URL == "" {
		return nil, errors.New("missing URL")
	}
	b.url = c.URL

	if c.Gatherer == nil {
		b.g = prometheus.DefaultGatherer
	} else {
		b.g = c.Gatherer
	}

	if c.Logger != nil {
		b.logger = c.Logger
	}

	if c.Prefix != "" {
		b.prefix = c.Prefix
	}

	var z time.Duration
	if c.Interval == z {
		b.interval = defaultInterval
	} else {
		b.interval = c.Interval
	}

	if c.Timeout == z {
		b.timeout = defaultInterval
	} else {
		b.timeout = c.Timeout
	}

	b.errorHandling = c.ErrorHandling
	b.lastValue = map[model.Fingerprint]float64{}
	b.countersAsDetlas = c.CountersAsDelta

	return b, nil
}

// Run starts the event loop that pushes Prometheus metrics to Graphite at the
// configured interval.
func (b *Bridge) Run(ctx context.Context) {
	ticker := time.NewTicker(b.interval)
	defer ticker.Stop()
	for {
		select {
		case <-ticker.C:
			if err := b.Push(); err != nil && b.logger != nil {
				b.logger.Println("error pushing to Graphite:", err)
			}
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return
		}
	}
}

// Push pushes Prometheus metrics to the configured Graphite server.
func (b *Bridge) Push() error {
	mfs, err := b.g.Gather()
	if err != nil || len(mfs) == 0 {
		switch b.errorHandling {
		case AbortOnError:
			return err
		case ContinueOnError:
			if b.logger != nil {
				b.logger.Println("continue on error:", err)
			}
		default:
			panic("unrecognized error handling value")
		}
	}

	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", b.url, b.timeout)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	return b.writeMetrics(conn, mfs, b.prefix, model.Now())
}

func (b *Bridge) writeMetrics(w io.Writer, mfs []*dto.MetricFamily, prefix string, now model.Time) error {
	for _, mf := range mfs {
		vec, err := expfmt.ExtractSamples(&expfmt.DecodeOptions{
			Timestamp: now,
		}, mf)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		buf := bufio.NewWriter(w)
		for _, s := range vec {
			if math.IsNaN(float64(s.Value)) {
				continue
			}

			if err := writePrefix(buf, prefix); err != nil {
				return err
			}

			if err := writeMetric(buf, s.Metric, mf); err != nil {
				return err
			}

			value := b.replaceCounterWithDelta(mf, s.Metric, s.Value)
			if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(buf, " %g %d\n", value, int64(s.Timestamp)/millisecondsPerSecond); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			if err := buf.Flush(); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func writeMetric(buf *bufio.Writer, m model.Metric, mf *dto.MetricFamily) error {
	metricName, hasName := m[model.MetricNameLabel]
	numLabels := len(m) - 1
	if !hasName {
		numLabels = len(m)
	}

	for _, v := range trimMetricPrefix {
		if strings.HasPrefix(string(metricName), v) {
			metricName = model.LabelValue(strings.Replace(string(metricName), v, "", 1))
		}
	}

	for _, v := range metricCategoryPrefix {
		if strings.HasPrefix(string(metricName), v) {
			group := strings.Replace(v, "_", " ", 1)
			metricName = model.LabelValue(strings.Replace(string(metricName), v, group, 1))
		}
	}

	labelStrings := make([]string, 0, numLabels)
	for label, value := range m {
		if label != model.MetricNameLabel {
			labelStrings = append(labelStrings, fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", string(label), string(value)))
		}
	}

	var err error
	switch numLabels {
	case 0:
		if hasName {
			if err := writeSanitized(buf, string(metricName)); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	default:
		sort.Strings(labelStrings)
		if err = writeSanitized(buf, string(metricName)); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		for _, s := range labelStrings {
			if err = buf.WriteByte('.'); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			if err = writeSanitized(buf, s); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	return addExtentionConventionForRollups(buf, mf, m)
}

func addExtentionConventionForRollups(buf *bufio.Writer, mf *dto.MetricFamily, m model.Metric) error {
	// Adding `.count` `.sum` suffix makes it possible to configure
	// different rollup strategies based on metric type

	mfType := mf.GetType()
	var err error
	if mfType == dto.MetricType_COUNTER {
		if _, err = fmt.Fprint(buf, ".count"); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if mfType == dto.MetricType_SUMMARY || mfType == dto.MetricType_HISTOGRAM {
		if strings.HasSuffix(string(m[model.MetricNameLabel]), "_count") {
			if _, err = fmt.Fprint(buf, ".count"); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}
	if mfType == dto.MetricType_HISTOGRAM {
		if strings.HasSuffix(string(m[model.MetricNameLabel]), "_sum") {
			if _, err = fmt.Fprint(buf, ".sum"); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func writePrefix(buf *bufio.Writer, s string) error {
	for _, c := range s {
		if _, err := buf.WriteRune(replaceInvalid(c)); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func writeSanitized(buf *bufio.Writer, s string) error {
	prevUnderscore := false

	for _, c := range s {
		c = replaceInvalidRune(c)
		if c == '_' {
			if prevUnderscore {
				continue
			}
			prevUnderscore = true
		} else {
			prevUnderscore = false
		}
		if _, err := buf.WriteRune(c); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func replaceInvalid(c rune) rune {
	if c == ' ' || c == '.' {
		return '.'
	}
	return replaceInvalidRune(c)
}

func replaceInvalidRune(c rune) rune {
	if c == ' ' {
		return '.'
	}
	if !((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || c == '-' || c == '_' || c == ':' || (c >= '0' && c <= '9')) {
		return '_'
	}
	return c
}

func (b *Bridge) replaceCounterWithDelta(mf *dto.MetricFamily, metric model.Metric, value model.SampleValue) float64 {
	if !b.countersAsDetlas {
		return float64(value)
	}

	mfType := mf.GetType()
	if mfType == dto.MetricType_COUNTER {
		return b.returnDelta(metric, value)
	}

	if mfType == dto.MetricType_SUMMARY {
		if strings.HasSuffix(string(metric[model.MetricNameLabel]), "_count") {
			return b.returnDelta(metric, value)
		}
	}

	return float64(value)
}

func (b *Bridge) returnDelta(metric model.Metric, value model.SampleValue) float64 {
	key := metric.Fingerprint()
	_, exists := b.lastValue[key]
	if !exists {
		b.lastValue[key] = 0
	}

	delta := float64(value) - b.lastValue[key]
	b.lastValue[key] = float64(value)

	return delta
}