Go-Questionnaire

• LimeSurvey for Go lovers
• Creating and serving questionnaires
• Precise layout - no HTML fumble
• Support for mobile devices

Status

Version 2.0

Productive use at our research institute.

Requirements

Go Version 1.16

Non-technical properties

• Any number of surveys via single server - any path

• Secure login URLs < 65 characters in size

• Anonymous logins example.com/a

• Shortcut logins example.com/d/A5FE3P

• Automatic smartphone version

• Simple design of new questionnaires

• Layout freedom - without HTML fumbling

• Support for any number of languages - Polish, Russian, Chinese

• Text blocks, support pages in several languages - written in simple markdown format

• Dynamic question texts based on login profile

  • Dynamic textblocks
    depending Euro membership, or industry sector
    or based on previous answers
  • Based on function map dynFuncs

• Dynamic page structures based on page.GeneratorFuncName

  • Standard methods AddGroup, AddInput available
  • Structure dynamic
  • Based on function map funcPGs

• Page structure dynamic

  • Show or suppress any page dynamically
  • Based on function map funcPGs

• Free HTML questions

  • function map CompositeFuncs allows groups
    to render custom HTML form elements
  • Most ugly from the architectural perspective,
    but supports totally free HTML

• Customization for each wave

  • Reference interest rates in question text

• Order of questions randomizable, but constant for each participant

• Easy changes during survey time; i.e. typos or question rewording

• Universal CSV export directly available to the researcher running the survey

• Documentation

• Open source license

• Published on github.com

Partly technical properties

• Ready for deployment on Google App Engine
  by using gocloud blob for local file system and google buckets.

• Docker technology for easy installation on any cloud server

• Builtin https self configuration

• CSRF and XSS hack defense

• Consistence check for questionnaires - no duplicate field names, no missing translations

• Server self test - checks correctness of participant data entry for each questionnaire

• All content and all results are driven
  by JSON files.
  No database required.

• Data thrift: Surveys contain no personal data - only a participant ID, the questions and the answers.

• Stress test - 60 participants at once

Boring properties

• Server side validation
  For example must ; inRange20 or only inRange100 or only must

• Server side validation
  complex rules via custom validation funcs
  which can access the entire questionnaire;
  i.e. comprehensionPOP2

• If the researcher needs instant feedback
  on user input, inclusion of page-wise JavaScript files possible

Technical properties

• loadtest performs 60 concurrent requests 1.41 seconds - on 2018 Lenovo Notebook.

• Server self test via codecov.io; see build logs for details.
  See github - actions - workflow runs for details.

• The transferrer pulls in the responses from an internet server. Once inside your organization, the results are fed into any CSV or JSON reading application.

Semantics

• This application serves any number of surveys.

• A survey is a questionnaire with one or more waves (repetitions).

Setup

Install and setup golang

cd $HOME/go/src/github.com/zew
go get -u github.com/zew/go-questionnaire
cd go-questionnaire
mv config-example.json  config.json  # adapt to your purposes
mv logins-example.json  logins.json  # dito
go build
./go-questionnaire                   # under windows: go-questionnaire.exe

More info in deploy on linux/unix

Create new questionnaire myquest

• Copy generators/example to generators/myquest

• Open generators/myquest/main.go
  and change package name: package myquest

• Add your new questionnaire to generators/registry.go
"myquest": myquest.Create,

• In generators/myquest/main.go
  under page := q.AddPage() you can add
  additonal pages, groups and inputs.

• Additional groups are to change column layout within a page. Details below.

Input types

• text - your classic text input

• number - number input - mobile browsers show the numbers keyboard

• textarea - multi line text input

• dropdown - list of fixed choices

• checkbox - yes/no input

• radio - grouped by name - differentiated by ValueRadio

• hidden

• textblock - block of text without input

• button - submit button

• dyn-textblock - DynamicFunc="ResponseStatistics..." dynamic text blocks

• dyn-composite - runtime executed, dynamic fragment, multiple inputs and text; dyn-composite-scalar is a list of inputs contained in dyn-composite

Each input can have a multi-language label, -description, a multi-language suffix and a validation function.

Each input has a span. Its label and form element each have a sub-span.

Dynamic content

dynFuncT and CompositeFuncT can be used to render real timy dynamic content and question blocks.

Create survey JSON file and login URLs

If you have created your survey myquest you need to restart the application.

• Login as admin at https://dev-domain:port/survey/login-primitive

• Create a questionnaire template - as JSON file
  https://dev-domain:port/survey/generate-questionnaire-templates

• Generate login hashes for the survey id and wave id above
  i.e. https://dev-domain:port/survey/generate-hashes?wave_id=2018-07&survey_id=fmt
  yielding

  /survey?u=99000&sid=fmt&wid=2018-07&h=57I7UVp6 ...

Participant login and reset

• Participants can now use these login links to access the questionnaire

• Once logged in, they can re-access the questionnaire

• For testing purposes, you may reset the questionnaire

URL parameters for testing

• page=[0-9] - jump to page x

• v=123- show q.Version - setting the version at login. Later requests have no effect.
  LoginWithoutID() and LoginByHash() pass the value of this param on
  and store it into LogintT.Attrs["version"];
  example kneb1/main.go

• show-version=true - show q.Version

• full-dynamic-content=true - compute dynamic content for all pages
  and save as [user-id]-all-dynamic-content.json;
  saving not only the answers but the full scaffold to file

Persisted to session:

• skip_validation=true - switch off mandatory validation

• override_closure=true - ignore questionnaire deadline and closure by user

• redirected_console_log - shows a javascript console output

Deploy to appengine

Docs

• runtime
• environment_variables

Remote

Deploy

gcloud config set project "financial-literacy-test"
gcloud app deploy
Y
# 

Read the logs

gcloud app logs tail -s default

Open in browser

gcloud app browse

URLs

• Frontend
• Backend
• Datastore

Creation of signed URLs via cloud.google.com/go/storage

SET   GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=c:\Users\pbu\.ssh\google-cloud-rentomat-creds.json
ECHO %GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS%

Local

dev_appserver.py app.yaml
"c:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Cloud SDK\google-cloud-sdk\platform\bundledpython\python.exe" "c:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Cloud SDK\google-cloud-sdk\bin\dev_appserver.py" app.yaml

Packages

• Package qst contains generic functions to create questionnaires.

• Common proof functions in qst prevent duplicate question keys
  or missing translations.

• Package generators uses qst for creating specific questionnaires.

• Package lgn contains three authentication schemes for participants.

  • Regular login via username and password.
  • Login via URL parameters for user ID, survey ID, wave ID and profile ID plus hash.
  • Login via hash ID with above parameters configured in directLoginRanges.
  • Login via anonymous ID (example) -
    with above parameters configured in directLoginRanges.
    The anonymous ID is converted into an integer, which is encoded as a hash ID.
    QR code example.
  • Login without link (lgn.LoginWithoutID)
    via URL domain/l Profiles are configured key-value sets who are copied into the logged-in user's attributes.
    This way any number of user properties can be specified, while the login URL remains short or ultra short.

• Package /cms/server serves questionnaires via http(s).
  with configurable Lets encrypt certification (auto self-renewal).

• Directory app-bucket/responses stores indididual answers
  (and initial questionnaire templates).

• trl contains the type multi-language string and
  a global hyphenizations map for mobile layout.

• cfg contains universal multi-language strings.
  Each questionnaire contains specific multi-language strings.

• css contains double sets of CSS styles for desktop and mobile.
  desktop takes precedence.

• Package cloudio is a convenience wrapper around Gocloud blob
  The entire persistence layer is moved from io... to cloudio...
  Thus the application can be hosted by cloud providers with buckets or on classical webservers.

• Survey results are pulled in by the transferrer,
  aggregating responses into a CSV file.
  transferrer logic is agnostic to questionnaire structure.
  See ./pkg/tf/config-transferrer.go for details.

• The updater subpackage automates in-flight changes to the questionnaire.
  No need for database "schema" artistry.

Page navigation sequence - special pages

• Automatic navigation buttons and progress bar are provided for desktop and mobile layout.

In addition:

• Pages can be navigated by page number sequence using http params previous and next

• Pages can be navigated using page = [0,1,...] parameter

• Page property NoNavigation decouples the page from the navigational sequence.
  They are exempt from previous and next.
  Such pages can be reached by setting submit buttons to their index value.
  Useful for greeting- and goodbye-pages.

Defining questionnaires by code or by JSON file

At inception we envisioned a JSON schema validator
and questionnaire creation by directly editing of JSON files
but that remains as elusive as it did with XML.

Layout concept

In Version 1.x, we used fixed table; float-left and inline-block were rejected.

Inline block suffers from the disadvantage, that the white space between inline block elements subtracts from the total width. The column width computation must be based on a compromise slack of i.e. 97.5 percent.

Stacking cells wit float:left takes away the nice vertical middle alignment of the cells.

---

Since Version 2, layout is based on the CSS grid functionality.

CSS grid documentation and concepts are directly applicable.

Responsive CSS styles can be set directly in Go code,
or can be reusably composed by Go functions.

No more editing CSS classes on global, mobile and questionnaire specific level in tandem with developing rendering logic.

Useful defaults and helper classes dramatically reduce CSS styling hell.

Chrome's or Firefox's debugging tools assist in fiddling without recompiling every iota.

Basics

• Each group has its number of columns.

• Every input has its span.

• Every label and form element have their span inside the input.

• Group.Style, Input.Style, Input.StyleLbl and Input.StyleCtl can be used to change CSS grid container and -item styles.

• The same properties also contain CSS box and CSS text styles.

• Each style can be set for desktop and or mobile for responsive design.

• CSS styles and classes are rendered automatically

• Default is CSS grid direction row for every group and for every input,
  as indicated in above picture.

• Also as default, a grid-template-column style is rendered,
  based on the the group.Cols and input.ColSpan, and input.ColSpanLabel and -.ColSpanControl

Style helper funcs

CSS styles can be configured with every possible complexity.

We can change the Group.Style, Input.Style, Input.StyleLbl and InputStyleCtl.

Styles can be influenced for grid-container, grid-item, box and text for desktop and or mobile.

Certain repeating desigsn are captured in reusable functions.

DesktopWidthMaxForPages()

Default alignment for pages is centered.

// WidthDefault is called for every page - setting auto margins
func (p *pageT) WidthDefault() {
    p.Style = css.NewStylesResponsive(p.Style)
    if p.Style.Desktop.StyleBox.Margin == "" && p.Style.Mobile.StyleBox.Margin == "" {
        p.Style.Desktop.StyleBox.Margin = "1.2rem auto 0 auto"
        p.Style.Mobile.StyleBox.Margin = "0.8rem auto 0 auto"
    }
}

Each page element can be individually capped in width.

For instance, we want a max width for the page in desktop view.
The page should remain horizontally centered.
Mobile view width should remain at maximum 100% with 0.6rem hori borders.

css.DesktopWidthMaxForPages(page.Style, "36rem")

func DesktopWidthMaxForPages(sr *StylesResponsive, s string) *StylesResponsive {
    sr = NewStylesResponsive(sr)
    sr.Desktop.StyleBox.WidthMax = s // your max width
    sr.Mobile.StyleBox.WidthMax = "calc(100% - 1.2rem)" // 0.6rem margin-left and -right in mobile view
    return sr
}

The vertical margin below each group can be directly set via BottomVSpacers;
default is 3, amounting to 1.5 lines.

WidthMax()

Default alignment for groups is left.

group.Width can be adjusted in similar fashion.

gr.WidthMax("16rem")

Group retains 100% width in mobile view.

MobileVertical() for inputs

MobileVertical() makes inputs rendered horizontally in desktop view,
but vertically in mobile view.

inp.Style = css.MobileVertical(inp.Style)

func MobileVertical(sr *StylesResponsive) *StylesResponsive {
    sr = NewStylesResponsive(sr)
    sr.Mobile.StyleGridContainer.AutoFlow = "column"
    sr.Mobile.StyleGridContainer.TemplateColumns = "none "  // reset
    sr.Mobile.StyleGridContainer.TemplateRows = "0.9fr 1fr" // must be more than one
    return sr
}

(inp *inputT).ControlFirst() - Labels after control

Usually the label comes first and the input second.

This can be easily reversed:

myInput.StyleLbl.Desktop.StyleGridItem.Order = 2 // input first in desktop view

Notice, that desktop styles trickle down to mobile view,
unless a mobile style is set

myInput.StyleLbl.Mobile.StyleGridItem.Order = 1  // label first in mobile view

(gr *groupT) Vertical()

Vertical flow, instead of default - horizontal flow.

Free use of CSS styling

Set vertical or horizontal alignment distinct from the default stretch

myInput.StyleCtl.Desktop.StyleGridItem.JustifySelf = "end"

Text and box styling

myInput.StyleLbl.Desktop.StyleText.AlignHorizontal = "left"
myInput.StyleLbl.Desktop.StyleBox.Padding = "0 0 0 1rem"
myInput.StyleLbl.Mobile.StyleBox.Padding = "0 0 0 2rem"

Combining group and input styling

• group.Cols defines the number of columns of the group grid.

• input.ColSpan defines the span of each input.

• input.ColSpanLabel and input.ColSpanControl
  define the span of each input's component.

• Use   and <br> in labels and suffixes to fine-tune horizontal space.

qst.GridBuilder

You can use qst.GridBuilder to create of matrix of inputs
with column and or row "labels" (textblock) and any type of input in any cell.

See generators.fmt.main.go for an example.

CSS style debugging

The rendered CSS class for some group may look like the following:

/* styles without comment are defaults */
.computed-classname-group-1 {
    display: grid;
    grid-auto-flow: row;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;     /* based on group.Cols = 4 */
    grid-column-gap: 0.4rem;
    grid-row-gap: 0.8rem;
}

.computed-classname-group-2 {
    display: grid;
    grid-auto-flow: row;
    grid-template-columns: 3fr 1fr 1fr 1.4fr;   /* set by group.Style....TemplateColumns */
    grid-column-gap: 0.4rem;
    grid-row-gap: 0.8rem;
}

Style debugging can be done via ordinary web browser tools:

Other styling

Group property OddRowsColoring to activate alternating background has no effect version 2.
We are contemplating, whether this styling is still useful.

Mobile layout

go-questionnaire Version 1 had a separate set of layout files for mobile clients
based user_agent header, computed by package detect.
Version 2 abandons this technique, moving to CSS media queries.

Each css.Style is rendered into classes with two media queries.

Desktop styles are default, and are overwritten by Mobile styles.

Soft hyphenization remains crucial to maintaining layout on narrow displays.
Package trl contains a map hyph containing manually hyphenized strings.
These are applied to all strings of any questionnaire at JSON creation time.

There are JavaScript libraries containing hyphenization libraries.
This software still relies on manual adding hyphenization to package trl.

Randomization for scientific studies I - RandomizationGroup

• The order of groups on pages can be randomized (shuffled).

• Only groups with groupT.RandomizationGroup > 0 are shuffled.

• Shuffling is random, but deterministically reproducible for user ID and page number.

• Questionnaire property ShufflingsMax sets the number of distinct shufflings.
  For example, if ShufflingsMax==2, even and odd user IDs get the same
  ordering when on same page.

• ShufflingsMax must be greater one, otherwise shuffling does not take place.
  ShufflingsMax should be set to the maximum number of inputs across pages.

• Shufflings can be exported for use in related applications

Randomization for scientific studies II - VersionEffective

• VersionMax, AssignVersion, VersionEffective provide a second orthogonal randomization function.

• Randomization by VersionEffective can be used in
  dynFuncT, CompositeFuncT, validatorT, in custom code.

• VersionEffective can be configured to be derived form UserID or from global application counter upon initial login.

About go-app-tpl - extremely technical properties

• Go-Questionnaire is based on go-app-tpl

• go-app-tpl is a number of packages for building go web applications.

It features

• Http router with safe settings and optional https encryption

• Session package by Alex Edwards

• Configurable url prefix for running multiple instances on same server:port

• Middleware for logging, access restrictions etc.

• Middleware catches request handler panics

• Multi language strings

• Static file handlers

• Markdown file handler, rewriting image links

• Multi language markdown files

• JSON config file with reloadable settings

• JSON logins file, also reloadable

• Handlers for login, changing password, login by hash ID

• Package https://github.com/pbberlin/struc2frm is used
  to generate HTML forms alone from structs with comments;
  all admin forms are created using struc2frm.
  Also standardizes server side parsing and validation.

• CSRF and XSS defence via struc2frm

• Server side HTML and CSS templates
  having access to session and request

• Stack of dynamic subtemplate calls

• Template pre-parsing (bootstrap),
  configurable for development or production

• jQuery from CDN cache with fallback to localhost.
  All jQuery was deprecated in 2019 - retaining only generic JavaScript

• JavaScript is used as little as possible;
  logic should be kept on one environment only
  either server side or client side;
  this is a server side framework

• JavaScript is used for some menu effects wizardry
  for some convenience keyboard helpers
  and for focussing.

• JavaScript per page custom funcs have been used
  for validation in the pat and fmt survey;
  sources under /app-bucket/templates/js/

• validation.js contains code for
  sophisticated client side JS validation.
  Docs
  Playground (local)
  Playground (live)
  Presentation (in German)
  This is developed to provide instant feedback on complicated
  compound form validation rules.
  It is not production tested.

• systemd config file to control application under Linux

• Up until 2018, the included init.d
  shell script was used

• Dockerfile to deploy on modern cloud servers

• Package cloudio wraps all io operations into Gocloud blob functionality.
  Thus the application can be hosted by cloud providers with buckets or on servers with plain old hard disks.

• Package sessx can store sessions in a Redis server, keeping sessions sticky on autoscaling app engine deployments, otherwise fallback to local memory store.

• Package stream serves huge files without memory consumption in a protected way.

• Package detect discovers mobile clients

• Package graph creates interactive SVG graphs

Technical design guidelines

• Subpackaging is done by concern, neither too amorphous nor too atomic.

• go-app-tpl has no "hooks" or interfaces for isolation of "framework" code.
  Clone it and add your handlers.
  Future updates will be merged.

Orthogonal sub application: Registration for a survey - FMT

Register in German or English:
https://survey2.zew.de/registrationfmtde
https://survey2.zew.de/registrationfmten

Download results:
Login: https://survey2.zew.de/login-primitive
fmt-registration-csv-download
secret

Download:
https://survey2.zew.de/registration-fmt-download?lang=de
https://survey2.zew.de/registration-fmt-download?lang=en

gocloc

Language	files	blank	comment	code
Go generic	51	1313	1267	6860
Go questionnaires	12	602	273	5281
CSS	12	261	144	713
Markdown	27	485	0	727
HTML	6	96	31	319
Python	1	31	16	94
Bourne	Shell	3	17	19

These numbers are meanwhile shown by github.com

Low prio features in consideration

• The transferrer could truncate the pages from the online JSON files
  leaving only user ID, completion time and survey data.

• The generators could be compiled into independent executables.
  They could then be executed on the command line with the parameters as JSON file.

• Make HTML autocapitalize and inputmode available to inputs

Revolving and compressing logfiles

// possible solution
import "gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2"

log.SetOutput(&lumberjack.Logger{
    Filename:   LOG_FILE_LOCATION,
    MaxSize:    500,  // MB
    MaxBackups: 3,
    MaxAge:     28,   //days
    Compress:   true, // disabled by default
})

We are relucatant to incorporate logging logic into the application, since systemd provides good integration with linux journal.

Open / todo

• Height of the menu in level 2 in mobile view is dependent on nav-min-height

• config.json and logins.json
  might be loaded from a configuration service.
  Or at least from another GC/S3 bucket.

• CSS funcs are dispersed. Generic funcs are in the css package.
  groupT and inputT have specialized methods.