The Caesar cipher is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. Named after Julius Caesar, who is reputed to have used it to

communicate with his generals, this cipher is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is shifted a certain number of places down or up the alphabet.

How It Works:

1. Choose a Shift Amount: First, you select a number that will be used as the shift or key. For example, with a shift of 3, then every letter in your message will be moved three places down the alphabet.

2. Apply the Shift: Each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For instance, with a shift of 3, A becomes D, B becomes E, C becomes F, and so on.

3. Wrap Around: The alphabet wraps around at the end. This means that if a letter shifts beyond 'Z', it goes back to the beginning of the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 3, X becomes A, Y becomes B, and Z becomes C.