feat(closure): allow capture in nested scopes

[SuperFola]

Description

Allow capture in nested scopes at runtime. It is allowed by the name resolution pass, but breaks at runtime since we looked up only the current scope.

Checklist

• I have read the Contributor guide
• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have updated the documentation if needed
• I have added tests that prove my fix/feature is working
• New and existing tests pass locally with my changes

[github-actions]

Static analysis report

Lizard report

Listing only functions with cyclomatic complexity >= 15 or NLOC >= 100 or parameters >= 6.

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	320:1447	Ark::VM::safeRun	3	929	196

Report about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	235:608	Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::evaluate	3	350	124
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	197:447	Ark::BytecodeReader::display	4	215	76
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Compiler.cpp	449:623	Ark::internal::Compiler::handleCalls	5	143	44
src/arkscript/JsonCompiler.cpp	27:257	JsonCompiler::_compile	1	198	37
include/Ark/Compiler/AST/Parser.hpp	105:194	Ark::internal::ARK_APIParser::string	0	87	32
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	160:267	Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visitKeyword	3	89	32
src/arkscript/main.cpp	17:336	main	2	276	30
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	120:149	Ark::internal::IROptimizer::compactEntities	3	20	28
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	102:185	Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::processNode	3	61	27
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Compiler.cpp	132:234	Ark::internal::Compiler::compileExpression	5	84	27
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	233:306	Ark::internal::Node::debugPrint	1	64	24
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	272:406	Ark::internal::Parser::import_	0	108	23
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	55:158	Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visit	2	84	23
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Compiler.cpp	254:311	Ark::internal::Compiler::compileListInstruction	4	47	22
src/arkscript/REPL/Utils.cpp	46:173	Ark::internal::getColorPerKeyword	0	106	22
include/utf8.hpp	138:184	utf8::isValid	1	44	21
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Optimizer.cpp	33:83	Ark::internal::Optimizer::countAndPruneDeadCode	1	42	20
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	160:231	Ark::internal::Node::repr	0	59	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/StaticScope.cpp	67:108	Ark::internal::NamespaceScope::get	2	32	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Executors/Function.cpp	16:88	Ark::internal::FunctionExecutor::applyMacro	2	55	17
src/arkreactor/VM/Value.cpp	67:125	Ark::Value::toString	1	46	17
include/Ark/Compiler/AST/Predicates.hpp	132:156	Ark::internal::IsSymbol::operator ( )	1	24	16
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	87:118	Ark::internal::IROptimizer::compactEntities	2	18	16
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	690:729	Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::isConstEval	1	35	16
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	168:224	Formatter::format	3	53	16
src/arkreactor/Exceptions.cpp	86:130	Ark::Diagnostics::makeContext	6	35	15
src/arkreactor/TypeChecker.cpp	28:85	Ark::types::displayContract	2	51	15
src/arkreactor/Exceptions.cpp	133:146	Ark::Diagnostics::helper	9	12	4
include/Ark/Exceptions.hpp	92:101	Ark::ARK_APICodeError::CodeError	6	10	1

---

CppCheck report

Filename	Line	Type	Description
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	439	style	Statements following 'goto' will never be executed.
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	1489	style	Variable 'ip' can be declared as pointer to const
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	358	error	syntax error

Report files about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Line	Type	Description
include/Ark/Compiler/AST/Node.hpp	35	warning	Member variable 'Node::m_type' is not initialized in the constructor.
include/Ark/VM/VM.inl	351	style	Variable 'c' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	26	style	Variable 'value' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	45	style	Variable 'value' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	61	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	147	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	172	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	192	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	218	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	238	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	260	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	22	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	42	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	65	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	85	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	106	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	127	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	151	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	175	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	196	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	217	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	237	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	257	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	277	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	294	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	311	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	328	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	345	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	362	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	379	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Mathematics.cpp	401	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/String.cpp	166	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/System.cpp	43	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/System.cpp	75	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/System.cpp	99	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/BaseParser.cpp	29	style	Local variable 'next' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	33	performance	Function parameter 'namespace_' should be passed by const reference.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Optimizer.cpp	54	warning	Either the condition 'node.constList().size()>1' is redundant or node.constList() size can be 2. Expression 'node.constList()[2]' cause access out of bounds.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	158	style	Local variable 'symbol' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	188	style	Local variable 'symbol' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	212	style	Local variable 'condition' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	255	style	Local variable 'condition' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	365	style	Local variable 'symbol' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	471	style	Local variable 'node' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	478	style	Local variable 'symbol' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	487	style	Local variable 'node' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	584	style	Local variable 'condition' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	692	style	Local variable 'symbol' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	761	style	Local variable 'atom' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	331	style	struct member 'Arg::kind' is never used.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/Entity.cpp	22	style	Local variable 'label' shadows outer function
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	11	style	struct member 'EntityWithOffset::offset' is never used.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	69	warning	Assert statement calls a function which may have desired side effects: 'list'.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	568	style	Local variable 'ast' shadows outer function
include/Ark/Compiler/NameResolution/StaticScope.hpp	152	style	Consider using std::any_of algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	141	style	Consider using std::find_if algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/ScopeResolver.cpp	55	style	Consider using std::any_of algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/VM/State.cpp	57	style	Variable 'p' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/VM/State.cpp	106	style	Variable 'p' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Closure.cpp	21	style	Parameter 'vm' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Closure.cpp	23	style	Consider using std::any_of algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	170	style	Local variable 'output' shadows outer function
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	228	style	Local variable 'output' shadows outer function
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	396	style	Local variable 'output' shadows outer function
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	495	style	Local variable 'output' shadows outer function
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	515	style	Local variable 'output' shadows outer function
src/arkscript/JsonCompiler.cpp	184	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkscript/REPL/Repl.cpp	21	performance	Variable 'm_keywords' is assigned in constructor body. Consider performing initialization in initialization list.
src/arkscript/REPL/Utils.cpp	33	style	Consider using std::copy algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkscript/REPL/Utils.cpp	35	style	Consider using std::copy algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkscript/REPL/Utils.cpp	37	style	Consider using std::copy algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkscript/REPL/Utils.cpp	39	style	Consider using std::copy algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkscript/REPL/Utils.cpp	53	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkscript/REPL/Utils.cpp	55	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkscript/REPL/Utils.cpp	64	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.

[github-actions]

Fuzzing report

/usr/local/bin/afl-whatsup status check tool for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski

Summary stats

    Fuzzers alive : 0
   Dead or remote : 1 (included in stats)
   Total run time : 5 minutes, 0 seconds
      Total execs : 38 thousands
 Cumulative speed : 127 execs/sec
    Pending items : 140 faves, 1065 total
 Coverage reached : 11.67%
    Crashes saved : 0
      Hangs saved : 0

Cycles without finds : 0
Time without finds : 0

[+] Captured 37589 tuples (map size 192209, highest value 255, total values 327698365) in '/dev/null'.
[+] A coverage of 37589 edges were achieved out of 192256 existing (19.55%) with 1073 input files.

[coveralls]

coverage: 79.056% (-0.1%) from 79.158%
when pulling daa8e72 on fix/capture
into 12afad1 on dev.