Magic Methods in Python

Introduction

Magic methods (also known as dunder methods) are special methods in Python that start and end with double underscores (__method__). They enable the customization of built-in behaviors such as object construction, representation, comparison, and arithmetic operations.

Key Concepts

• Defined using double underscores (e.g., __init__, __str__, __add__)
• Automatically invoked by Python in specific operations
• Used to define operator overloading, object lifecycle, and more

Topics to Learn

• Common magic methods like __init__, __str__, __repr__
• Operator overloading using methods like __add__, __sub__, __eq__
• Object comparison with __lt__, __gt__, __eq__, etc.
• Customizing object behavior using __len__, __getitem__, __call__