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[jongwanra] WEEK 03 solutions #1793
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""" | ||
[Problem] | ||
https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/ | ||
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candidates: unique array of integers | ||
return a list of all unique combinations of candidates == target | ||
any order | ||
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하나의 숫자는 candidates에서 무제한으로 선택할 수 있다. | ||
두 조합이 서로 다르다고 간주되는 조건은, 선택된 숫자 중 적어도 하나의 개수가 다를 때이다. | ||
[Brainstorming] | ||
DFS를 이용해서 Combination을 만든다. | ||
종료조건: target == sum || target > sum | ||
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[Plan] | ||
1. candidates를 오름차순 정렬 | ||
2. DFS | ||
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[Complexity] | ||
N -> candidates.length | ||
M -> approximately target divided by the smallest candidate. -> target / min(candidates) | ||
Time: O(N^M) | ||
Space: O(N + M) | ||
- 재귀 호출 스택: 깊이는 최대 target / min(candidates) | ||
- chosen: 재귀 스택 깊이 만큼 공간 차지 | ||
- cache: 최악의 경우 answer와 같은 개수의 조합 저장 -> O(number of combinations) | ||
""" | ||
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from typing import List | ||
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class Solution: | ||
def combinationSum1(self, candidates: List[int], target: int) -> List[List[int]]: | ||
cache = set() | ||
answer = [] | ||
chosen = [] | ||
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def dfs(sum: int) -> None: | ||
nonlocal target, candidates, cache, answer, chosen | ||
print(chosen) | ||
if sum > target: | ||
return | ||
if sum == target: | ||
copied_chosen = chosen[:] | ||
copied_chosen.sort() | ||
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cache_key = tuple(copied_chosen) | ||
if cache_key in cache: | ||
# print(f"already exists {cache_key} in cache") | ||
return | ||
cache.add(cache_key) | ||
answer.append(copied_chosen) | ||
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for candidate in candidates: | ||
chosen.append(candidate) | ||
dfs(sum + candidate) | ||
chosen.pop() | ||
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dfs(0) | ||
return answer | ||
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""" | ||
중복 조합 방지 another solution | ||
ref: https://www.algodale.com/problems/combination-sum/ | ||
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[Complexity] | ||
N -> candidates.length | ||
M -> target / min(candidates) | ||
Time: O(N^M) | ||
Space: O(M) | ||
""" | ||
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def combinationSum(self, candidates: List[int], target: int) -> List[List[int]]: | ||
answer = [] | ||
combi = [] | ||
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def dfs(sum: int, start: int) -> None: | ||
nonlocal target, answer, combi, candidates | ||
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if sum > target: | ||
return | ||
if sum == target: | ||
answer.append(combi[:]) | ||
return | ||
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for index in range(start, len(candidates)): | ||
candidate = candidates[index] | ||
combi.append(candidate) | ||
dfs(sum + candidate, index) | ||
combi.pop() | ||
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dfs(0, 0) | ||
return answer | ||
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sol = Solution() | ||
# print(sol.combinationSum([2,3,6,7], 7)) | ||
print(sol.combinationSum([2, 3, 5], 8)) | ||
# print(sol.combinationSum([2], 1)) | ||
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""" | ||
[Problem] | ||
https://leetcode.com/problems/number-of-1-bits/description/ | ||
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양수 n이 주어졌을 때, 이진법에서 1로 설정된 비트의 개수를 반환하는 함수를 작성해라. | ||
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[Plan] | ||
1. 주어진 양수를 이진수로 변환한다. | ||
2. for-loop을 순회하며 1의 개수를 counting한다. | ||
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[Complexity] | ||
N: bin(n).length - 2 | ||
Time: O(N) | ||
Space = O(N) | ||
""" | ||
class Solution: | ||
def hammingWeight(self, n: int) -> int: | ||
binary = bin(n) | ||
output = 0 | ||
for index in range(2, len(binary)): | ||
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if binary[index] == '1': | ||
output += 1 | ||
return output | ||
""" | ||
ref: https://www.algodale.com/problems/number-of-1-bits/ | ||
[Complexity] | ||
Time: O(log n) | ||
Space: O(1) | ||
""" | ||
class AnotherSolution: | ||
def hammingWeight(self, n: int) -> int: | ||
count = 0 | ||
while n: | ||
quotient, remainder = divmod(n, 2) | ||
print(f"n = {n} quotient={quotient}, remainder={remainder}") | ||
count += remainder | ||
n = quotient | ||
return count | ||
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sol = AnotherSolution() | ||
print(sol.hammingWeight(11) == 3) | ||
print(sol.hammingWeight(128) == 1) | ||
print(sol.hammingWeight(2147483645) == 30) | ||
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""" | ||
[Problem] | ||
https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-palindrome/description/ | ||
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모든 대문자를 소문자로 변환하고 알파벳과 숫자가 아닌 문자들을 전부 제거하한 이후에 앞에서 부터 일으나 뒤에서 부터 읽나 동일하게 읽힌다면, 그 문장은 회문입니다. | ||
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영숫자 문자들은 알파벳과 숫자들을 포함합니다. | ||
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[Brainstorming] | ||
leftPosition과 rightPosition을 두고, 비교하면서 아닐 경우 false를 return한다. => O(s.length) | ||
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[Complexity] | ||
N: s.length | ||
Time: O(1/2 * N) => O(N) | ||
Space: O(1) | ||
""" | ||
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class Solution: | ||
def isPalindrome(self, s:str)-> bool: | ||
leftPos, rightPos = 0, len(s) - 1 | ||
while leftPos < rightPos: | ||
while not s[leftPos].isalnum() and leftPos < rightPos: | ||
leftPos += 1 | ||
while not s[rightPos].isalnum() and leftPos < rightPos: | ||
rightPos -= 1 | ||
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if s[leftPos].upper() != s[rightPos].upper(): | ||
return False | ||
leftPos += 1 | ||
rightPos -= 1 | ||
return True | ||
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sol = Solution() | ||
print(sol.isPalindrome("A man, a plan, a canal: Panama") == True) | ||
print(sol.isPalindrome("race a car") == False) | ||
print(sol.isPalindrome(" ") == True) | ||
print(sol.isPalindrome("0P") == False) | ||
print(sol.isPalindrome("a") == True) |
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