zbectl is a utility for managing ZFS Boot Environments in Arch Linux similar to beadm on FreeBSD.
GRUB is used to boot the different environments.
- GRUB is used as the bootloader.
- zbectl does not use the bootfs property. Instead it tells grub which entry to boot.
- Boot Environments are located under
poolname/ROOT/. For example: if your pool is namedzrootthen the environment calleddefaultis located underzroot/ROOT/default
- Each pool device has an ESP
- ESPs are automatically mounted under
/boot/efi/<partuuid>
- If you have never installed Arch before please read the installation guide first, so you'll have a general idea of the requiered steps.
- Follow the instuctions on the Arch Wiki for creating an archiso with zfs support: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installing_Arch_Linux_on_ZFS
- Include the package zbectl-git from the aur or build it inside the livesystem.
Since version 2.0 zbectl can automatically partition your devices. This works for EFI and BIOS systems. Make sure to boot your archiso in the same mode you want your installed system to boot! Simply run:
zbectl partition <your device>...
For example if you want to use the two disks sda and sdb run:
zbectl partition sda sdb
This will create the following layout on your devices.
BIOS
Part Size Type
---- ---- -------------------------
1 2M BIOS boot partition (ef02)
2 XXXG Solaris Root (bf00)
UEFI
Part Size Type
---- ---- -------------------------
1 256M EFI boot partition (ef00)
2 XXXG Solaris Root (bf00)
This will also create the requirred fat filesystem on your ESPs.
If want to manually partition your devices please keep in mind that zbectl expects your ESP/BIOS partitions to be on the same parent device as you pool. The following steps assume you have already created a fat filesystem on each of your ESPs if using EFI.
- Create your pool according to your desired layout over the partuuids returned to you by the
zbectl partitioncommand above. If you manually partitioned your devices you should know the right ids to use.
Please create your pool according to the guidelines on the wiki to avoid grub not beeing able to boot from your pool.
Set the pool/dataset properties like ashift and compression according to your preference/use case.
- The only absolutely necessary datasets are the following:
zfs create <your_pool>/ROOT
zfs create -o mountpoint=/ <your_pool>/ROOT/<environment_name>
For example if your pool is named zroot and your environment default run:
zfs create zroot/ROOT
zfs create -o mountpoint=/ zroot/ROOT/default
- To avoid the pacman cache cluttering up your environments I recomend creating the following dataset:
zfs create -o mountpoint=/var/cache/pacman/pkg zroot/pkgcache
- Follow https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installing_Arch_Linux_on_ZFS#Setup_the_ZFS_filesystem until the bootloader secion.
- chroot into your new system and install zbectl-git from the aur.
- Run
zbectl install
- Continue with https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installing_Arch_Linux_on_ZFS#Unmount_and_restart.
Lists all ZFS Boot Environments.
Creates a new ZFS Boot Environment named target. This clones the source environment. If no source environment is provided, the booted environment will be used.
Renames the source environment to target.
Delets the target environment(s). Multiple targets can be specified.
Lists available environments.
Sets the target as the default boot entry. Note that the entire name is not requirred, as long as the script can figure out which environment is ment.
Updates grub.cfg. Run this after a GRUB update.
Mounts the target environment to /pool/ROOT/target or specified mountpoint.
Unmounts the target environment.
Mounts the target environment to default mountpoint and chroots into it. Optionally specify command to run inside the chroot. The target gets unmounted after the command exits.
Installs grub to all pool devices and and updates the grub.cfg. Additional arguments are passed to grub-install.
This will automatically partition your devices for EFI/BIOS booting.
Devices can be specified as absolute paths like /dev/sda or just the devicename like sda.
If your system is booted in EFI mode this will create a 256M ESP partition and a second partition for zfs on the specified devices.
In BIOS mode a BIOS boot partition for grub, and a second partition for zfs will be created.
The GRUB package is unable to create boot entries for systems on ZFS. Zbectl uses an environment variable to resolve this. For more information read the note on the Arch Wiki: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installing_Arch_Linux_on_ZFS#error:_failed_to_get_canonical_path_of
If you still receive an error you can try this older workaround:
The package includes a udev rule which creates symlinks. Run the following to activate it.
udevadm trigger
The following exit codes are returned:
0 Successful execution.
1 An error occurred.
2 Invalid arguments or insufficient permissions.
3 A device related error occurred.