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CalculatorLexicalAnalysis

Student Info

李斯琪 2016302580006

程浩宇 2016302580002

杜会远 2016302580130

CMM综述:

CMM是一种简单的类型编程语言,其支持整数、实数、字符、字符串、布尔值类型的变量。每行代码的结尾标识为; ,暂无其他格式要求,冗余的空白字符会被解释器忽略。

词法规则

  • 整数
digit ::= 0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9
integer ::= digit*
  • 布尔值
boolean ::= true|false
  • 标识符
alphabet ::= [a-z]|[A-Z]
identifier_body ::= alphabet|'_'|digit
identifier_head ::= alphabet|'_'
identifier ::= identifier_head identifier_body*
  • 双精度浮点数
double ::= digit*.dight*
  • 字符串
ASCII ::= ASCII码0-255(256个值)
char ::= 'ASCII'
String ::= "ASCII*"
  • 操作符
add-op ::= '+'|'-'
mul-op ::= '*'|'/'|'%'
bool-op ::= '&&'|'||'|'=='|'!='|'>'|'<'|'>='|'<='
Assign-op ::= '='|'+='|'-='|'*='|'++'|'--'

  • 分隔符
Separator ::= '{'|'}'|'['|']'|'('|')'|'''|'"'|':'|';'
  • 保留字
if
else
while
for
true
false
int
bool
double
char
String
print
return
void
  • 注释
//this is a comment.
/*this is also
a comment */

语法规则

  • 语句
Program ::= stmt-sequence
stmt-sequence ::= statement stmt-sequence|ε 
statement ::= assign-stmt|declare-stmt|initial-stmt|output-stmt
  • 声明语句
declare-stmt ::= type identifier(,identifier)+;
type ::= int|bool|double|string|char
initial-stmt ::= type identifier '=' factor;
  • 赋值语句
value ::= integer|boolean|double|String|char 
assign-stmt ::= identifier Assign-op factor
  • 输出语句
output-stmt ::= print(value)
  • 表达式
expression ::= factor op factor | factor
bool-expression ::= factor bool-op factor | factor
factor ::= value|identifier|(exprssion)
op ::= add-op|mul-op|bool-op 
布尔值运算暂时不与算术运算相混合,后期可以考虑做casting false转化为0 true转化为1
  • 控制语句
if-statement ::= if (experssion) {statement-sequence} else {statement-sequence}
while-statement ::= while (experssion) {statement-sequence}
for-statement ::= for (initial-stmt;bool-expression;assign-stmt) {statement-sequence}

支持

  • 支持0和整数 (含负数),正浮点数,布尔值
  • 支持加法操作符,乘法操作符,赋值操作符,布尔运算符,复合操作符
  • 支持字符和字符串,分别用‘ ‘和 “ ”作为标识
  • 支持 ( ) , { } , [ ] 三种括号,以及 : 和 ;
  • 支持 if , else, while, for 等关键字 并且只要与关键字字母组合相同(无视字母大小写)的标识符都将视为非法
  • 支持以大小写字母和 _ 符号起始,接字母, _ , digit的标识符
  • 支持含double和int类型的算术表达式的计算

异常处理

  • 采用ArrayList作为基础数据结构,解决了检索越界问题,定义previous函数可以向前检索

  • 自定义SyntaxException类,继承自Exception,在遇到不属于任一类的字符的时候会抛出错误,并指出所在行数和在行中的位置

  • SynatxException类也可以解决两个小数点相接问题

    2018.10.27

  • 改写了整数数值太大溢出问题的判定方式,现在会准确抛出错误

  • 每一行必须以;符号结尾,并且同一句应该写在一行内,语句不可跨行

  • 修正了line 和 position的输出。现在line从1开始遇换行符加一,position始终打印出token的尾位置

  • 改写了每行是否有分号结尾的判断方式,现在line可以正常显示

    2018.10.30

  • 增加了gitignore,解决了ide之间的兼容问题,整个项目更加洁净

  • fix了之前遗留的关于line的一个小bug,并统一了输出格式

    2018.10.31

  • 增加了对字母中有空白的判断,增加了对数字中有空白的判断,现在会throw出exception

  • 增加了+ + 和 - -的判断,方便写for语句

  • 修正了数字和字母连接在一起,会被判断成两个token的问题,现在会throw出exception,因为标识符不可以以数字开头

  • keyword中间有空白,也会

  • 完善各种词法的测试用例

    2018.11.13

  • 语法分析表达式部分基本完工,增添了负数部分

  • GUI界面也已做好,先能正常输入输出并计算

  • 增添了多种exception判定 如 左括号无右括号,右括号前无左括号以及括号一对多的情况

    2018.11.28

  • GUI result和exception两个label的显示逻辑进行了修改

  • 增加了一个长度为Parser实例生命周期的分隔符栈,用以判断() ,[] ,{}是否有单侧缺失

    2018.12.5

  • -(23123*123123)

编码表

编码表
单词符号 种别码 单词符号 种别码 单词符号 种别码
If 1 / 16 } 31
else 2 % 17 [ 32
while 3 && 18 ] 33
true 4 || 19 ( 34
false 5 == 20 ) 35
for 6 != 21 36
int 7 > 22 37
bool 8 < 23 : 38
double 9 >= 24 ; 39
char 10 <= 25 _ 40
String 11 = 26 字符串 41
print 12 += 27 整数 42
+ 13 -= 28 浮点数 43
- 14 *= 29
* 15 { 30

转义字符

Escape characters are properly recognized and organized. CMM only supports the escape characters in the following table.

Escape Character Logical Meaning
\n new line
\t horizontal tab
' single quotation marks
" double quotation marks
\ backslash

算术表达式

CMM supports operation of int, double, bool, string and char, including add +, subtract -, multiple *, divide /, module % etc. For more operations see the priority list below.

Priority of Operations (smaller number stands for higher priority)
Operator Explanation type Priority
() parenthsis Separator 1
[] bracket Separator 1
+ positive sign unary 2
- negative sign unary 2
! logical NOT unary 2
++ self Increment(prefix) Assign-op 2
-- self Decrement(prefix) Assign-op 2
* multiplication mul-op 3
/ division mul-op 3
% reminder mul-op 3
+ addition add-op 4
- subtraction add-op 4
< less than bool-op 5
<= less than or equal bool-op 5
> greater than bool-op 5
>= greater than or equal bool-op 5
== equal bool-op 6
!= not equal bool-op 6
&& logical AND bool-op 7
|| logical OR bool-op 7
Assign-Op Explanation type Priority
= assign Assign-op 8
+= compound assignment by add Assign-op 8
-= compound assignment by difference Assign-op 8
*= compound assignment by product Assign-op 8
/= compound assignment by quotient Assign-op 8
%= compound assignment by remainder Assign-op 8
  • 在无casting的情况下 只有类型相同才可以比较 所以 c==b>=a的情况 只有在c是bool数的时候才是合法的
  • So that we can do something like these:
    • (1 + 2) * (3 * (4 + 5) - 6) = 63
    • 1 + 2 * 3 * 4 + 5 - 6 =24
    • 1 + 3 % 2 = 2
    • 1.3323 + 3.14 - 5.1 = -0.6277

函数

Main function

int main(){
  //do something
  return 0;
}
void main(){
  //do something
}

Both are supported in CMM.

Note that if you use 'int main', whatever the result is, append 'return 0' at the end of the function.

User-define functions

int foo(){
  //do something
}
double foo(int a){
  //do something
}
int foo(int a){
  //do something
}

Because their return values or input values are not the same, these are two different methods via override.

用例

484AC5F0-9016-481C-801E-64AC443F3C58

(12.1*78.9)/45.62+1231.1-4546;

93631AEE-A25B-4CF2-A201-29FADC26EF98

(12.1*78.9/45.62+12;

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