libpq loadbalance #4
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It seems that pgindent was not run after the error handling refactor in commit a9e9a9f. This fixes that and also addresses a few other things pgindent wanted to change in libpq.
This refactors libpq to copy addrinfos returned by getaddrinfo to memory owned by us. This refactoring is useful for two upcoming patches, which need to change the addrinfo list in some way. Doing that with the original addrinfo list is risky since we don't control how memory is freed. Also changing the contents of a C array is quite a bit easier than changing a linked list. As a nice side effect of this refactor the is that mechanism for iteration over addresses in PQconnectPoll is now identical to its iteration over hosts.
This adds support for load balancing to libpq using the newly added
load_balance_hosts parameter. When setting the load_balance_hosts
parameter to random, hosts and addresses will be connected to in a
random order. This then results in load balancing across these
hosts/addresses if multiple clients do this at the same time.
This patch implements two levels of random load balancing:
1. The given hosts are randomly shuffled, before resolving them
one-by-one.
2. Once a host its addresses get resolved, those addresses are shuffled,
before trying to connect to them one-by-one.
This adds a test for DNS based load balancing in libpq. This patch was a point of discussion due the fact that it requires changing /etc/hosts for this test to run. Thus it was removed from the main libpq load balancing patch, and added to its own patch for further discussion. This patch also adds tests for DNS based retries of connections of libpq, even when load balancing is disabled. We did not have tests for that behaviour either.
Andrey Borodin pointed out that the "undefined data check" was unnecessary for Fisher-Yates implementations when the data that was fetched was known to be initialized. There was one such place in the codebase, so this removes the check there.
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1. TruncateMultiXact() performs the SLRU truncations in a critical
section. Deleting the SLRU segments calls ForwardSyncRequest(), which
will try to compact the request queue if it's full
(CompactCheckpointerRequestQueue()). That in turn allocates memory,
which is not allowed in a critical section. Backtrace:
TRAP: failed Assert("CritSectionCount == 0 || (context)->allowInCritSection"), File: "../src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c", Line: 1353, PID: 920981
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(ExceptionalCondition+0x6e)[0x560a501e866e]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x5dce3d)[0x560a50217e3d]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(ForwardSyncRequest+0x8e)[0x560a4ffec95e]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(RegisterSyncRequest+0x2b)[0x560a50091eeb]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x187b0a)[0x560a4fdc2b0a]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(SlruDeleteSegment+0x101)[0x560a4fdc2ab1]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(TruncateMultiXact+0x2fb)[0x560a4fdbde1b]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(vac_update_datfrozenxid+0x4b3)[0x560a4febd2f3]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3adf66)[0x560a4ffe8f66]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(AutoVacWorkerMain+0x3ed)[0x560a4ffe7c2d]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b1ead)[0x560a4ffecead]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b620e)[0x560a4fff120e]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b3fbb)[0x560a4ffeefbb]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x2f724e)[0x560a4ff3224e]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x27c8a)[0x7f62cc642c8a]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0x85)[0x7f62cc642d45]
postgres: autovacuum worker template0(_start+0x21)[0x560a4fd16f31]
To fix, bail out in CompactCheckpointerRequestQueue() without doing
anything, if it's called in a critical section. That covers the above
call path, as well as any other similar cases where
RegisterSyncRequest might be called in a critical section.
2. After fixing that, another problem became apparent: Autovacuum
process doing that truncation can deadlock with the checkpointer
process. TruncateMultiXact() sets "MyProc->delayChkptFlags |=
DELAY_CHKPT_START". If the sync request queue is full and cannot be
compacted, the process will repeatedly sleep and retry, until there is
room in the queue. However, if the checkpointer is trying to start a
checkpoint at the same time, and is waiting for the DELAY_CHKPT_START
processes to finish, the queue will never shrink.
More concretely, the autovacuum process is stuck here:
#0 0x00007fc934926dc3 in epoll_wait () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#1 0x000056220b24348b in WaitEventSetWaitBlock (set=0x56220c2e4b50, occurred_events=0x7ffe7856d040, nevents=1, cur_timeout=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:1570
#2 WaitEventSetWait (set=0x56220c2e4b50, timeout=timeout@entry=10, occurred_events=<optimized out>, occurred_events@entry=0x7ffe7856d040, nevents=nevents@entry=1,
wait_event_info=wait_event_info@entry=150994949) at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:1516
#3 0x000056220b243224 in WaitLatch (latch=<optimized out>, latch@entry=0x0, wakeEvents=wakeEvents@entry=40, timeout=timeout@entry=10, wait_event_info=wait_event_info@entry=150994949)
at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:538
#4 0x000056220b26cf46 in RegisterSyncRequest (ftag=ftag@entry=0x7ffe7856d0a0, type=type@entry=SYNC_FORGET_REQUEST, retryOnError=true) at ../src/backend/storage/sync/sync.c:614
#5 0x000056220af9db0a in SlruInternalDeleteSegment (ctl=ctl@entry=0x56220b7beb60 <MultiXactMemberCtlData>, segno=segno@entry=11350) at ../src/backend/access/transam/slru.c:1495
#6 0x000056220af9dab1 in SlruDeleteSegment (ctl=ctl@entry=0x56220b7beb60 <MultiXactMemberCtlData>, segno=segno@entry=11350) at ../src/backend/access/transam/slru.c:1566
postgres#7 0x000056220af98e1b in PerformMembersTruncation (oldestOffset=<optimized out>, newOldestOffset=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c:3006
postgres#8 TruncateMultiXact (newOldestMulti=newOldestMulti@entry=3221225472, newOldestMultiDB=newOldestMultiDB@entry=4) at ../src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c:3201
postgres#9 0x000056220b098303 in vac_truncate_clog (frozenXID=749, minMulti=<optimized out>, lastSaneFrozenXid=749, lastSaneMinMulti=3221225472) at ../src/backend/commands/vacuum.c:1917
postgres#10 vac_update_datfrozenxid () at ../src/backend/commands/vacuum.c:1760
postgres#11 0x000056220b1c3f76 in do_autovacuum () at ../src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c:2550
postgres#12 0x000056220b1c2c3d in AutoVacWorkerMain (startup_data=<optimized out>, startup_data_len=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c:1569
and the checkpointer is stuck here:
#0 0x00007fc9348ebf93 in clock_nanosleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#1 0x00007fc9348fe353 in nanosleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#2 0x000056220b40ecb4 in pg_usleep (microsec=microsec@entry=10000) at ../src/port/pgsleep.c:50
#3 0x000056220afb43c3 in CreateCheckPoint (flags=flags@entry=108) at ../src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c:7098
#4 0x000056220b1c6e86 in CheckpointerMain (startup_data=<optimized out>, startup_data_len=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/postmaster/checkpointer.c:464
To fix, add AbsorbSyncRequests() to the loops where the checkpointer
waits for DELAY_CHKPT_START or DELAY_CHKPT_COMPLETE operations to
finish.
Backpatch to v14. Before that, SLRU deletion didn't call
RegisterSyncRequest, which avoided this failure. I'm not sure if there
are other similar scenarios on older versions, but we haven't had
any such reports.
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/ccc66933-31c1-4f6a-bf4b-45fef0d4f22e@iki.fi
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It seems that pgindent was not run after the error handling refactor in
commit a9e9a9f. This fixes that and
also addresses a few other things pgindent wanted to change in libpq.