MDEV-31033 ER_KEY_NOT_FOUND upon online COPY ALTER on a partitioned table

The row events were applied "twice": once for the ha_partition, and one
more time for the underlying storage engine.

There's no such problem in binlog/rpl, because ha_partiton::row_logging
is normally set to false.

The fix makes the events replicate only when the handler is a root handler.
We will try to *guess* this by comparing it to table->file. The same
approach is used in the MDEV-21540 fix, 231feab. The assumption is made,
that the row methods are only called for table->file (and never for a
cloned handler), hence the assertions are added in ha_innobase and
ha_myisam to make sure that this is true at least for those engines

Also closes MDEV-31040, however the test is not included, since we have no
convenient way to construct a deterministic version.

Author: FooBarrior

mysql-test/main/alter_table_online_debug.result

@@ -1231,6 +1231,27 @@ a
 223
 889
 drop table t1;
+#
+# MDEV-31033 ER_KEY_NOT_FOUND upon online COPY ALTER on a partitioned
+# table
+create table t (a int) partition by hash(a) partitions 2;
+insert into t values (1),(3);
+set debug_sync= 'alter_table_online_downgraded SIGNAL downgraded wait_for goon';
+alter table t force, algorithm=copy, lock=none;
+connection con1;
+set debug_sync= 'now WAIT_FOR downgraded';
+update t set a = a + 1;
+insert t values (1),(2);
+delete from t where a = 4 limit 1;
+set debug_sync= 'now SIGNAL goon';
+connection default;
+select * from t;
+a
+2
+2
+1
+drop table t;
+set debug_sync= reset;
 disconnect con1;
 #
 # End of 11.2 tests

mysql-test/main/alter_table_online_debug.test

@@ -1418,6 +1418,29 @@ select * from t1;
 
 drop table t1;
 
+--echo #
+--echo # MDEV-31033 ER_KEY_NOT_FOUND upon online COPY ALTER on a partitioned
+--echo # table
+create table t (a int) partition by hash(a) partitions 2;
+insert into t values (1),(3);
+set debug_sync= 'alter_table_online_downgraded SIGNAL downgraded wait_for goon';
+send alter table t force, algorithm=copy, lock=none;
+
+--connection con1
+set debug_sync= 'now WAIT_FOR downgraded';
+update t set a = a + 1;
+insert t values (1),(2);
+delete from t where a = 4 limit 1;
+set debug_sync= 'now SIGNAL goon';
+
+--connection default
+--reap
+
+select * from t;
+
+drop table t;
+
+set debug_sync= reset;
 --disconnect con1
 --echo #
 --echo # End of 11.2 tests

sql/handler.cc

@@ -7290,7 +7290,7 @@ int handler::binlog_log_row(const uchar *before_record,
                                     log_func, row_logging_has_trans);
 
 #ifdef HAVE_REPLICATION
-  if (unlikely(!error && table->s->online_alter_binlog))
+  if (unlikely(!error && table->s->online_alter_binlog && is_root_handler()))
     error= binlog_log_row_online_alter(table, before_record, after_record,
                                        log_func);
 #endif // HAVE_REPLICATION
@@ -7815,18 +7815,7 @@ int handler::ha_write_row(const uchar *buf)
   if ((error= ha_check_overlaps(NULL, buf)))
     DBUG_RETURN(error);
 
-  /*
-    NOTE: this != table->file is true in 3 cases:
-
-    1. under copy_partitions() (REORGANIZE PARTITION): that does not
-       require long unique check as it does not introduce new rows or new index.
-    2. under partition's ha_write_row() (INSERT): check_duplicate_long_entries()
-       was already done by ha_partition::ha_write_row(), no need to check it
-       again for each single partition.
-    3. under ha_mroonga::wrapper_write_row()
-  */
-
-  if (table->s->long_unique_table && this == table->file)
+  if (table->s->long_unique_table && is_root_handler())
   {
     DBUG_ASSERT(inited == NONE || lookup_handler != this);
     if ((error= check_duplicate_long_entries(buf)))
@@ -7877,14 +7866,7 @@ int handler::ha_update_row(const uchar *old_data, const uchar *new_data)
   uint saved_status= table->status;
   error= ha_check_overlaps(old_data, new_data);
 
-  /*
-    NOTE: this != table->file is true under partition's ha_update_row():
-    check_duplicate_long_entries_update() was already done by
-    ha_partition::ha_update_row(), no need to check it again for each single
-    partition. Same applies to ha_mroonga wrapper.
-  */
-
-  if (!error && table->s->long_unique_table && this == table->file)
+  if (!error && table->s->long_unique_table && is_root_handler())
     error= check_duplicate_long_entries_update(new_data);
   table->status= saved_status;
 

sql/handler.h

@@ -3557,6 +3557,11 @@ class handler :public Sql_alloc
     if (org_keyread != MAX_KEY)
       ha_start_keyread(org_keyread);
   }
+
+protected:
+  bool is_root_handler() const;
+
+public:
   int check_collation_compatibility();
   int check_long_hash_compatibility() const;
   int ha_check_for_upgrade(HA_CHECK_OPT *check_opt);

sql/sql_class.h

@@ -7561,6 +7561,22 @@ inline bool handler::has_long_unique()
   return table->s->long_unique_table;
 }
 
+/**
+  Return whether the handler is root.
+  @return false if table is maintained by different handlerton, true otherwise.
+  @note The implementation supposes that the same handler can't be found as both
+  root and non-root.
+
+  There are two known cases when it's non-root:
+  1. under partition's ha_write_row() (also true for copy_partitions())
+  2. under ha_mroonga::wrapper_write_row();
+  same applies for ha_delete_row/ha_update_row.
+*/
+inline bool handler::is_root_handler() const
+{
+  return ht == table->file->ht;
+}
+
 extern pthread_attr_t *get_connection_attrib(void);
 
 /**