EMANet

News

• The bug in loading the pretrained model is now fixed. I have updated the .pth. To use it, download it again.
• EMANet-101 gets 79.79 in mIoU on Cityscapes using single-scale inference. And 80.99 on the PASCAL VOC dataset (Thanks for Sensetimes' server). So, with a classic backbone(ResNet) instead of some newest ones(WideResNet, HRNet), EMANet still achieves the top performance.

Background

This repository is for Expectation-Maximization Attention Networks for Semantic Segmentation (to appear in ICCV 2019, Oral presentation),

by Xia Li, Zhisheng Zhong, Jianlong Wu, Yibo Yang, Zhouchen Lin and Hong Liu from Peking University.

The source code is now available!

citation

If you find EMANet useful in your research, please consider citing:

@inproceedings{li19,
    author={Xia Li and Zhisheng Zhong and Jianlong Wu and Yibo Yang and Zhouchen Lin and Hong Liu},
    title={Expectation-Maximization Attention Networks for Semantic Segmentation},
    booktitle={International Conference on Computer Vision},   
    year={2019},   
}

table of contents

• Introduction
• Design
• Usage
• Ablation studies
• Comparisons with SOTAs

Introduction

Self-attention mechanism has been widely used for various tasks. It is designed to compute the representation of each position by a weighted sum of the features at all positions. Thus, it can capture long-range relations for computer vision tasks. However, it is computationally consuming. Since the attention maps are computed w.r.t all other positions. In this paper, we formulate the attention mechanism into an expectation-maximization manner and iteratively estimate a much more compact set of bases upon which the attention maps are computed. By a weighted summation upon these bases, the resulting representation is low-rank and deprecates noisy information from the input. The proposed Expectation-Maximization Attention (EMA) module is robust to the variance of input and is also friendly in memory and computation. Moreover, we set up the bases maintenance and normalization methods to stabilize its training procedure. We conduct extensive experiments on popular semantic segmentation benchmarks including PASCAL VOC, PASCAL Context, and COCO Stuff, on which we set new records.

Design

As so many peers have starred at this repo, I feel the great pressure, and try to release the code with high quality. That's why I didn't release it until today (Aug, 22, 2018). It's known that the design of the code structure is not an easy thing. Different designs are suitable for different usage. Here, I aim at making research on Semantic Segmentation, especially on PASCAL VOC, more easier. So, I delete necessary encapsulation as much as possible, and leave over less than 10 python files. To be honest, the global variables in settings are not a good design for large project. But for research, it offers great flexibility. So, hope you can understand that

For research, I recommand seperatting each experiment with a folder. Each folder contains the whole project, and should be named as the experiment settings, such as 'EMANet101.moving_avg.l2norm.3stages'. Through this, you can keep tracks of all the experiments, and find their differences just by the 'diff' command.

Usage

1. Install the libraries listed in the 'requirements.txt'
2. Downloads images and labels of PASCAL VOC and SBD, decompress them together.
3. Downloads the pretrained ResNet50 and ResNet101, unzip them, and put into the 'models' folder.
4. Change the 'DATA_ROOT' in settings.py to where you place the dataset.
5. Run sh clean.sh to clear the models and logs from the last experiment.
6. Run python train.py for training and sh tensorboard.sh for visualization on your browser.
7. Or you can download the pretraind model, put into the 'models' folder, and skip step 6.
8. Run python eval.py for validation

Ablation Studies

The following results are referred from the paper. For this repo, it's not strange to get even higer performance. If so, I'd like you share it in the issue. By now, this repo only provides the SS inference. I may release the code for MS and Flip latter.

Tab 1. Detailed comparisons with Deeplabs. All results are achieved with the backbone ResNet-101 and output stride 8. The FLOPs and memory are computed with the input size 513×513. SS: Single scale input during test. MS: Multi-scale input. Flip: Adding left-right flipped input. EMANet (256) and EMANet (512) represent EMANet withthe number of input channels for EMA as 256 and 512, respectively.

Method	SS	MS+Flip	FLOPs	Memory	Params
ResNet-101	-	-	190.6G	2.603G	42.6M
DeeplabV3	78.51	79.77	+63.4G	+66.0M	+15.5M
DeeplabV3+	79.35	80.57	+84.1G	+99.3M	+16.3M
PSANet	78.51	79.77	+56.3G	+59.4M	+18.5M
EMANet(256)	79.73	80.94	+21.1G	+12.3M	+4.87M
EMANet(512)	80.05	81.32	+43.1G	+22.1M	+10.0M

To be note, the majority overheads of EMANets come from the 3x3 convs before and after the EMA Module. As for the EMA Module itself, its computation is only 1/3 of a 3x3 conv's, and its parameter number is even smaller than a 1x1 conv.

Comparisons with SOTAs

Note that, for validation on the 'val' set, you just have to train 30k on the 'trainaug' set. But for test on the evaluation server, you should first pretrain on COCO, and then 30k on 'trainaug', and another 30k on the 'trainval' set.

Tab 2. Comparisons on the PASCAL VOC test dataset.

Method	Backbone	mIoU(%)
GCN	ResNet-152	83.6
RefineNet	ResNet-152	84.2
Wide ResNet	WideResNet-38	84.9
PSPNet	ResNet-101	85.4
DeeplabV3	ResNet-101	85.7
PSANet	ResNet-101	85.7
EncNet	ResNet-101	85.9
DFN	ResNet-101	86.2
Exfuse	ResNet-101	86.2
IDW-CNN	ResNet-101	86.3
SDN	DenseNet-161	86.6
DIS	ResNet-101	86.8
EMANet101	ResNet-101	87.7
DeeplabV3+	Xception-65	87.8
Exfuse	ResNeXt-131	87.9
MSCI	ResNet-152	88.0
EMANet152	ResNet-152	88.2

Code Borrowed From

RESCAN

Pytorch-Encoding

Synchronized-BN