Vim

My journey with VIM!!

vim : vi Improved.

vi refers to visual.

VIM modes

• Normal mode - Where you enter commands. You'll be in normal mode when you open a file.

• Insert mode - Where you type in the content of the file, need to press i to enter insert mode after opening a file.

• Line/command mode - Where you enter command to either save/quit or do some quick operation. Press Esc and : to enter this mode.

Basic commands

Save

wq  

write and quit

quit

q quit when there is no changes to the file during that session, if there is it give a error saying no write since last change. Which means you havn't saved after last change that was being done.

q! exclamation acts as a forced option, q! forced quit.

Navigation

    j : move down a line
    k : move up a line
    h : move left one character
    l : move right one character

SIDENOTE:

• Arrow keys works just fine.

Move page wise

    Ctrl + f : forward one page
    Ctrl + b : backward one page

EXTRA:

• z + enter move the view, keeping your cursor position fixed.

Move by word

    w : move one word forward
    W : move one word forward ignoring the punctuations.
    b : move one word backward
    B : move one word forward ignoring the punctuations.

Move using regular expression

    ^ or 0 : move to start of the line
    $      : move to end of the line

Move via goto

    gg      : start of the file
    G       : end of the file
    
    2gg     : go to second line of the file
    2G      : go to second line of the file
    
    ngg/nG  : go to nth line. (n can be any number )
    
    ctrl + g : Show more info about the file, filename line number etc.

using command mode

    :10 - go to 10th line of the file.
    
    :$ - last line of the file.

Deleting

    x   : delete the next letter.
    X   : delete the previous letter.

    dw  : delete a word.

• pattern is d for delete and w for move by word.

    d3w  : delete 3 words
  
    3dw  : delete a word and repeat 3 times.
  

• Generic pattern ( count{operation}count{motion} )

  count	operation	count	motion
  3	d	3	w

  delete 3 words and repeat it 3 times.

  which is similar to 9dw: delete word 9 times.

     dd       : delete an entire line.
     d$ or D  : delete till end of the line.
     
     dG  : delete till end of the file.
     dgg : delete from cursor position to start of the file.
  

  NOTE: . is used to repeat the previous command.

Help system

 > :help or :h 

to get help for particular command.

ex:

   :h dd

Give information about dd command.

Note: Whatever use you inside square bracket in vim help system is optional. ex:

       :h dd
        
        dd                  Delete [count] lines [into register x] |linewise|. 

specifying count and into register x is optional.

Ctrl + o        : to go previous help search
Ctrl + i        : to go next help search
Ctrl + w + w    : toggle between your file and help file.

Cut, copy and paste

• Comparison between standard editors vs vim

  Standard	Vim
  cut	delete d
  copy	yank y
  paste	put p

  undo : u Redo : ctrl + R

  Same pattern + motion works here as well.

       3yy - copy 3 lines.

Registers

    Registers are storage locations.

Types of registers:

    *   Unnamed registers   : ""
    *   Numbered registers  : "0 "1 .... "9
    *   named registers     : "a "b .... "z 

Notes about Numbered registers:
    
    * "0    : stores the last yanked data.
    * "1    : stores the last deleted data.
    * ""    : stores the data of last operation
    

Notes about named registers
   
    * "a    : stores the data in register named a.
    * "A    : Append to the data which is already present in a register.

To know the content of register 
    
        :reg

Insertion

	 i	: to enter insert mode.
     	 I	: to start entering from the beginning of the line.
     
	 
	 f[any character]	: move to that character in the line.
	 
	 
	 a	: insert after the cursor postion.
	 A	: start appending text at the end of the line.
	 
	 
	 o	: enter insert mode on the next line.
	 O	: enter insert mode on the previous line.
	 
	 
	 J	: to join to lines.
	 
	 
	 R	: to enter replace mode
	 r	: to replace only only character without leaving the normal mode.
	 
	 
	 c	: change word.
	 EX: I love black girls.
	 		Point your cursor at black and then press cw (change word)
			and enter your text as you'll be in insert mode and then press escape.
			
	cW : change word with punctuations. 
	
	
	
	~	: to change the case of a letter.
	g~w	: change the case of a word.
	g~~	: Negate the case of entire line.
	
	
	gUw	: change the entire word after cursor position to uppercase.
	guw	: change the entire word from cursor position to uppercase.

Repeating commands

	Create a line of asterisks below:
	-	80i --> you'll enter insert mode, enter * and press escape.
	
	Create 3 lines that begin with "-" below:
	-	3o --> insert mode, enter - and press escape

Search Find and Replace

Letter Search

	f{char}	: forward search that character in a line.
	F{char}	: reverse search that character in a line.
	
	t{char} : forward search till (before that character) that character in a line.
	T{char}	: reverse search till character in a line.
	
	;	: repeat in forward direction.
	,	: repeat in reverse direction.

Word Search

	/{word} : forward search in the file.
	?{word}	: reverse search in the file. 
	n	: go to next match.
	N	: go to prevous match.
	
	*	: to highlight all occurance forward.
	#	: to highlight all occurance backward.

Substitution

	:[range]s/old/new/[flags]
	
	- range can be:
				
		$		: last line.
		.		: current line.
		1s		: first line.
		1,5s/old/new/g	: 1st to 5th line.
		1,$		: 1st to last line.
		%		: Entire file.
		
		OR it can also be pattern
		
		/Global/,/Local/s/old/new/g	: from text GLobal till Local do that subtitution.
		/Local/,$s/old/new/g		: from text Local till end of the file do that 
									substitution. 
		
Global substitution
	
	:%s/old/new/g

Note:

	- set is			: incremental search
	- set hls/hlsearch	: highlight search
	- set nu			: show number
	
	To unset use no{configname}
	To toggle conginame!

Text objext

a	: around / all
i	: inner/ inside

Ex: To delete a word when a cursor is somewhere in the middle of the text.
	- daw	: deletes the following delimiter as well like a space, comma etc.
	- diw	: deletes only the word.
	- ciw	: change inner word.
	
Sentences:
	- das	: delete the sentence including the delimiter.
	- cis	: change the inner sentence.

• Operations with text objects

  Action	explanation
  p	paragraph
  t	tag
  "	double quotes
  '	single quotes
  [ , ( , {	self explanatory

  Macros

    q {name of the register}`: to start recording the macro.
    @{name of the register} to play that macro.
    @@ to play the last macro.
    q{capital of the register} to append to the macro.
  

  Visual Mode

  • There are three type of visual modes:

    • Characterwise : v to enter characterwise visual mode
    • Line wise : V to enter linewise visual mode
    • Block wise : Ctrl + v to enter block wise visual mode

• Just some of commands you can use in visual mode include:

    ~ - Switch case
    c - Change
    d - Delete
    y - Yank
    r - Replace
    x - Delete
    I - Insert
    A - Append
    J - Join
    u - Make lowercase
    U - Make uppercase
    > - Shift right
    < - Shift left
  

Buffers

Use to open mutiple files in vim.

:e  | :edit 	: open file from vim
:ls | :buffers	: show list of files in buffer
:b  | :buffer	: switch to other buffer. Ex b{buffer-no} or b {filename}
:bn | :bnext	: go to next buffer
:bp | :bprevious : go to previous buffer
:bl | :blast	: go to last buffer
:bf | :bfirst	: go to first buffer
:badd 		: add a file to the buffer without moving from your current file.
:bd | :bdelete	: delete the file from the buffer.
:bufdo		: execute a command on all the buffers.

set hidden - It's a config to say I will move between the buffers without saving and save all at
	     once if maybe.
:E 	- Explore directory like ls.	     

Windows

:sp 	: to split a window horizontally.
:vs	: to split a window verically.

ctrl + w w : navigate between the windows.

Use ctrl + w {j/k/l/h} : for moving between the windows.

windo %s/old/new/g 	: to perform some substitution on all open windows.