Selenium Test Automation Framework

Overview

An advanced, feature-rich Selenium test automation framework implementing industry-standard design patterns and best practices. The framework focuses on robustness, maintainability, and scalability in test automation.

Key Features

1. Smart Element Interaction Strategies

• Multi-strategy element interaction system
• Fallback mechanism for handling complex scenarios
• Three core strategies:
  • Default WebDriver strategy with enhanced stability
  • JavaScript-based interactions for complex DOM scenarios
  • Actions API for advanced mouse and keyboard operations
• Strategy auto-selection based on context and success rates

2. Dynamic Wait Mechanisms

• Progressive polling intervals based on system state
• Adaptive timeouts with context awareness
• Custom wait conditions with fluent interface
• Performance-optimized waiting strategies
• Auto-retry with exponential backoff

3. Element State Validation

• Comprehensive state checking mechanisms
• Multi-factor validation approach
• Performance-optimized validation
• Custom validation rule support
• State change monitoring capabilities

4. Context-Aware Retry Mechanism

• Dynamic retry strategies based on runtime conditions
• Network condition analysis
• Browser state monitoring
• Automatic strategy adjustment
• Custom retry rule configuration

5. Self-Healing Locators

• Alternative locator strategy generation
• Dynamic element relocation
• Success rate tracking
• Automatic locator optimization
• Failure pattern analysis

6. Performance Monitoring

• Element interaction timing tracking
• Network request monitoring
• Resource usage tracking
• Performance metric collection
• Automatic bottleneck detection

7. Event-Driven Monitoring

• Real-time state change detection
• Network activity monitoring
• DOM mutation tracking
• Custom event handlers
• Asynchronous event processing

8. Dynamic Configuration

• Runtime configuration adjustment
• Performance-based optimization
• Environment-aware settings
• Metric-driven configuration
• Auto-tuning capabilities

Core Components

1. Design Patterns Implementation

   • Strategy Pattern for element interactions
   • Singleton Pattern for resource management
   • Factory Pattern for driver initialization
   • Builder Pattern for test data creation
   • Observer Pattern for event handling
   • Command Pattern for action queueing

2. Smart Element Implementation

   • Enhanced WebElement wrapper
   • Built-in retry mechanisms
   • Automatic error recovery
   • Performance monitoring
   • State tracking
   • Event handling

3. Validation Framework

   • Comprehensive element state checking
   • Custom validation rules
   • Chain validation support
   • Async validation capabilities
   • Result aggregation

4. Recovery Mechanisms

   • Automatic error detection
   • Strategic recovery attempts
   • Custom recovery strategies
   • Failure analysis
   • Session recovery

5. Configuration Management

   • Dynamic property adjustment
   • Environment-based configuration
   • Runtime optimization
   • Profile management
   • Remote configuration support

Technologies

• Core: Java, Selenium WebDriver
• Testing: TestNG, Cucumber
• Reporting: ExtentReports
• Logging: Log4j2
• Build: Maven
• Utilities: Lombok, WebDriverManagerements industry-standard design patterns and best practices to create a robust, maintainable, and scalable test automation solution.

Key Components

1. Design Patterns

   • Strategy Pattern: Multiple element interaction strategies
   • Singleton Pattern: Thread-safe WebDriver management
   • Factory Pattern: Dynamic browser configuration
   • Page Object Model: Maintainable page element management
   • Builder Pattern: Flexible test data creation
   • Observer Pattern: Event-based reporting

2. Core Features

   • Smart element interactions with multiple strategies
   • Dynamic waiting mechanisms with adaptive polling
   • Comprehensive element state validation
   • Automatic error recovery mechanisms
   • Cross-browser testing (Chrome, Firefox, Edge)
   • Parallel test execution support
   • Screenshot capture on failure
   • Comprehensive logging with Log4j2
   • Configurable test environments
   • Retry mechanism for flaky tests

3. Test Frameworks

   • TestNG: For traditional test organization
   • Cucumber: For BDD-style testing
   • ExtentReports: For detailed reporting
   • Data-driven testing support

4. Utilities

   • Smart element interactions with retry logic
   • Automatic screenshot capture
   • Custom exception handling
   • Configuration management
   • Logging utilities
   • Wait helper methods

Technologies Used

• Language: Java
• Build Tool: Maven
• Testing: TestNG, Cucumber
• Automation: Selenium WebDriver
• Reporting: ExtentReports
• Logging: Log4j2
• Annotations: Lombok
• Dependencies: WebDriverManager, Cucumber-PicoContainer

Quick Start Guide

1. Writing Your First Test

@Test
public class LoginTest {
    private static final Logger log = LogUtils.getLogger(LoginTest.class);
    
    @Test
    public void testSuccessfulLogin() {
        // 1. Create test data using Builder Pattern
        UserData userData = UserData.builder()
                .username("testuser")
                .password("password123")
                .build();

        // 2. Initialize page object with built-in driver management
        LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(DriverManager.getInstance().getDriver());

        // 3. Perform test actions with automatic logging and error handling
        loginPage.login(userData.getUsername(), userData.getPassword());
        
        // 4. Assertions with automatic screenshot on failure
        Assert.assertTrue(loginPage.isLoggedIn(), "Login was not successful");
    }
    
    @Test(dataProvider = "invalidLoginData")
    public void testFailedLogin(String username, String password, String expectedError) {
        LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(DriverManager.getInstance().getDriver());
        loginPage.login(username, password);
        Assert.assertEquals(loginPage.getErrorMessage(), expectedError);
    }
    
    @DataProvider(name = "invalidLoginData")
    public Object[][] getInvalidLoginData() {
        return new Object[][] {
            {"invalid", "wrong123", "Invalid credentials"},
            {"", "", "Username and password are required"}
        };
    }
}

Framework Features

1. Core Design Patterns & Implementation Examples

Singleton Pattern (DriverManager)

public class DriverManager {
    private static final ThreadLocal<WebDriver> driver = new ThreadLocal<>();
    private static DriverManager instance = null;
    
    private DriverManager() {}
    
    public static synchronized DriverManager getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new DriverManager();
        }
        return instance;
    }
    
    public WebDriver getDriver() {
        WebDriver localDriver = driver.get();
        if (localDriver == null) {
            localDriver = DriverFactory.createDriver();
            driver.set(localDriver);
        }
        return localDriver;
    }
}

Factory Pattern (DriverFactory)

public class DriverFactory {
    public static WebDriver createDriver() {
        String browser = ConfigManager.getProperty("browser");
        WebDriver driver;
        
        switch (browser.toLowerCase()) {
            case "chrome":
                ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
                if (Boolean.parseBoolean(ConfigManager.getProperty("headless"))) {
                    options.addArguments("--headless");
                }
                driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
                break;
            case "firefox":
                driver = new FirefoxDriver();
                break;
            default:
                throw new BrowserNotSupportedException(browser);
        }
        
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(
            Duration.ofSeconds(Integer.parseInt(
                ConfigManager.getProperty("implicit.wait"))));
        return driver;
    }
}

Page Object Model

public class LoginPage extends BasePage {
    @FindBy(id = "username")
    private WebElement usernameInput;
    
    @FindBy(id = "password") 
    private WebElement passwordInput;
    
    @FindBy(css = ".login-btn")
    private WebElement loginButton;
    
    @FindBy(css = ".error-message")
    private WebElement errorMessage;
    
    public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
        super(driver);
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
    }
    
    public void login(String username, String password) {
        log.info("Attempting login with username: {}", username);
        WebElementUtils.safeType(usernameInput, username);
        WebElementUtils.safeType(passwordInput, password);
        WebElementUtils.safeClick(loginButton);
    }
    
    public boolean isLoggedIn() {
        return waitForUrlContains("/dashboard");
    }
    
    public String getErrorMessage() {
        return waitForElementVisible(errorMessage).getText();
    }
}

Builder Pattern (Test Data)

@Data
@Builder
public class UserData {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    
    // Example usage
    public static UserData createDefaultUser() {
        return UserData.builder()
            .username("default_user")
            .password("Pass123!")
            .email("test@example.com")
            .firstName("John")
            .lastName("Doe")
            .build();
    }
}

2. Utility Components

WebDriver Management

// In your test or step definition
public void setUp() {
    // Get thread-safe driver instance
    WebDriver driver = DriverManager.getInstance().getDriver();
}

// Configuration (config.properties)
browser=chrome
headless=false
implicit.wait=10
explicit.wait=20

Element Interaction Utilities

public class WebElementUtils {
    // Smart click with retry and logging
    public static void safeClick(WebElement element) {
        try {
            waitForElementClickable(element);
            element.click();
        } catch (ElementClickInterceptedException e) {
            // Automatic retry with JavaScript click
            jsClick(element);
        } catch (StaleElementReferenceException e) {
            // Automatic retry with fresh element
            retryClick(element);
        }
    }
    
    // Smart type with clear and verify
    public static void safeType(WebElement element, String text) {
        waitForElementVisible(element);
        element.clear();
        element.sendKeys(text);
        // Verify text was entered correctly
        Assert.assertEquals(element.getAttribute("value"), text);
    }
}

Automatic Screenshot Capture

public class ScreenshotUtils {
    public static String captureScreenshotOnFailure(
            WebDriver driver, String testName) {
        try {
            String timestamp = getTimestamp();
            String filename = String.format(
                "failure_%s_%s.png", testName, timestamp);
            
            TakesScreenshot ts = (TakesScreenshot) driver;
            File source = ts.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
            File destination = new File("test-output/screenshots/" + filename);
            
            FileUtils.copyFile(source, destination);
            return destination.getAbsolutePath();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("Failed to capture screenshot", e);
            return null;
        }
    }
}

3. Test Execution Features & Examples

TestNG Parallel Execution

<!-- testng.xml -->
<suite name="Parallel Test Suite" parallel="methods" thread-count="3">
    <test name="Login Tests">
        <classes>
            <class name="com.designpattern.tests.LoginTest"/>
            <class name="com.designpattern.tests.RegistrationTest"/>
        </classes>
    </test>
</suite>

Cucumber Feature Example

# login.feature
Feature: User Login
  
  Scenario Outline: Login with different credentials
    Given I am on the login page
    When I enter username "<username>" and password "<password>"
    Then I should see "<message>"
    
    Examples:
      | username | password | message |
      | valid_user | Pass123! | Welcome back! |
      | wrong_user | wrong123 | Invalid credentials |

Step Definition Example

public class LoginSteps {
    private LoginPage loginPage;
    private WebDriver driver;
    
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        driver = DriverManager.getInstance().getDriver();
        loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
    }
    
    @Given("I am on the login page")
    public void navigateToLoginPage() {
        driver.get(ConfigManager.getProperty("app.url"));
    }
    
    @When("I enter username {string} and password {string}")
    public void enterCredentials(String username, String password) {
        loginPage.login(username, password);
    }
    
    @Then("I should see {string}")
    public void verifyMessage(String expectedMessage) {
        if (expectedMessage.equals("Welcome back!")) {
            Assert.assertTrue(loginPage.isLoggedIn());
        } else {
            Assert.assertEquals(loginPage.getErrorMessage(), expectedMessage);
        }
    }
}

Project Structure

selenium-framework/
├── src/
│   ├── main/
│   │   └── java/com/designpattern/
│   │       ├── core/              # Core framework components
│   │       ├── strategy/          # Implementation strategies
│   │       ├── config/           # Dynamic configuration
│   │       ├── monitoring/       # Performance & events
│   │       ├── healing/          # Self-healing mechanisms
│   │       ├── retry/            # Retry mechanisms
│   │       ├── pages/            # Page objects
│   │       └── utils/            # Utilities
│   └── test/
│       ├── java/                # Test implementations
│       └── resources/           # Test configurations
└── pom.xml

Running the Framework

1. Prerequisites:

   • Java 8 or higher
   • Maven 3.6+
   • Chrome/Firefox/Edge browser

2. Installation:

mvn clean install

3. Running Tests:

# Run all tests
mvn test

# Run specific test suite
mvn test -Dsuite=regression

# Run with specific browser
mvn test -Dbrowser=chrome

4. Test Reports Location:
   • TestNG: test-output/index.html
   • Extent: test-output/extent-report.html
   • Screenshots: test-output/screenshots/
   • Logs: logs/automation.log

Best Practices

1. Always use Page Object Model for better maintenance:

public class BasePage {
    protected WebDriver driver;
    protected WebDriverWait wait;
    protected static final Logger log = LogUtils.getLogger();
    
    public BasePage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        this.wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 
            Duration.ofSeconds(ConfigManager.getExplicitWaitTimeout()));
    }
    
    protected WebElement waitForElementVisible(WebElement element) {
        return wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(element));
    }
    
    protected WebElement waitForElementClickable(WebElement element) {
        return wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(element));
    }
    
    protected boolean waitForUrlContains(String fraction) {
        return wait.until(ExpectedConditions.urlContains(fraction));
    }
}

2. Use Builder Pattern for complex test data creation:

TestData data = TestData.builder()
    .firstName("John")
    .lastName("Doe")
    .email("john.doe@example.com")
    .age(30)
    .build();

3. Implement reusable step definitions:

@Given("I am logged in as {string}")
public void loginAs(String userType) {
    UserData userData = TestDataFactory.getUserData(userType);
    LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
    loginPage.login(userData.getUsername(), userData.getPassword());
}

4. Use scenario outlines for data-driven tests:

Scenario Outline: Search with different criteria
  Given I am on the search page
  When I search for "<item>"
  Then I should see "<count>" results
  
  Examples:
    | item      | count |
    | laptop    | 10    |
    | phone     | 20    |
    | tablet    | 15    |

5. Maintain clean and organized test structure:

@Test
public void testUserRegistration() {
    // Given - Setup
    RegistrationPage registrationPage = new RegistrationPage(driver);
    UserData userData = TestData.createRandomUser();
    
    // When - Action
    registrationPage.registerNewUser(userData);
    
    // Then - Verification
    Assert.assertTrue(registrationPage.isRegistrationSuccessful());
    Assert.assertEquals(registrationPage.getWelcomeMessage(), 
        "Welcome " + userData.getFirstName());
}

Contributing

1. Fork the repository
2. Create a feature branch
3. Commit your changes
4. Push to the branch
5. Create a Pull Request