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Open Source ETSI compliant Lawful Intercept software

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OpenLI -- open source ETSI-compliant Lawful Intercept software

Version: 1.1.5

Copyright (c) 2018 - 2024 The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. All rights reserved.

OpenLI was originally developed by the University of Waikato WAND research group. For further information please see https://www.wand.net.nz/.

OpenLI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

IMPORTANT

This software is provided AS-IS and offers no guarantee that it will able to completely satisfy your lawful intercept obligations. This version of the software is an initial release and we anticipate that there will still be many bugs and incompatibilities that we have not yet encountered in our testing so far. If you do encounter issues with the OpenLI software, please report them to us via our Github page (https://github.com/OpenLI-NZ/openli) so that we can continue to improve the quality of OpenLI for all of our users.

ALSO IMPORTANT

We acknowledge that lawful interception is a tool that can easily be abused by authoritarian regimes to violate the human rights and privacy of innocent citizens. OpenLI is free and open-source software and therefore we cannot directly control who uses OpenLI and where OpenLI is used. However, we must state that we categorically do not approve of or condone the use of OpenLI in countries or territories where the interception of communications can take place without the prior approval of a suitable independent legal authority (such as a judge or magistrate).

This software was created to allow network operators to comply with their legal obligations to assist law enforcement to prevent criminal or terrorist activity. Any use of this software to assist with the violation of human rights or the oppression of a populace is forbidden. If you are unsure as to whether your use of this software may violate these conditions, please contact us as hello@openli.nz and explain your situation to receive our advice on whether you may use OpenLI or not.

Software Packages

We currently package OpenLI for many common Linux distributions. We strongly recommend that you install OpenLI using a package if you can, rather than building from source.

Instructions on packaged installs can be found at: https://github.com/OpenLI-NZ/openli/wiki/Installing-Debian-Packaged-Version https://github.com/OpenLI-NZ/openli/wiki/Installing-via-RPM

The OpenLI Wiki

The best source of documentation for OpenLI is the OpenLI wiki at https://github.com/OpenLI-NZ/openli/wiki -- we have specific pages on a number of topics that may be relevant to OpenLI users (e.g. encryption, the REST API, DPDK with OpenLI, etc.). The wiki tends to be updated more often than the in-code documentation (e.g. the doc/ directory) as well.

If there is content that you would like to contribute to the OpenLI wiki, please feel free to reach out to us at hello@openli.nz and we will be more than happy to accept your contribution.

Dependencies for building from source

  • libtrace 4.0.18 or later (packages for Debian / Ubuntu are available from WAND as well).

  • libwandder 2.0.4 or later (packages for Debian / Ubuntu are available from WAND as well).

  • libyaml -- Debian / Ubuntu users can install the libyaml-dev package. Required for all components.

  • libosip2 -- Debian / Ubuntu users can install the libosip2-dev package. Only required for the collector.

  • uthash -- Debian / Ubuntu users can install the uthash-dev package. Required for all components.

  • libzmq -- Debian / Ubuntu users can install the libzmq3-dev package. Required for all components.

  • libJudy -- Debian / Ubuntu users can install the libjudy-dev package. Required for the collector and the mediator.

  • libmicrohttpd -- Debian / Ubuntu users can install the libmicrohttpd-dev package. Required for the provisioner.

  • libjson-c -- Debian / Ubuntu users can install the libjson-c-dev package. Required for the provisioner.

  • libssl -- Debian / Ubuntu users can install the libssl-dev package. Required for all components.

  • libsqlcipher -- Debian / Ubuntu users can install the libsqlcipher-dev package. Required for the provisioner.

  • librabbitmq -- Debian / Ubuntu users can install the librabbitmq-dev package. Required for the collector and mediator.

  • libtcmalloc -- Debian / Ubuntu users can install the libgoogle-perftools-dev package. Optional, but highly recommended for performance reasons.

  • RabbitMQ Server -- Debian/Ubuntu users can install the rabbitmq-server package. Optional for the collector, required for the mediator.

Building OpenLI

To build OpenLI from source, just follow the series of steps given below.

  1. Run the ./bootstrap.sh script at the top level of the source tree (only required if you have cloned the OpenLI git repo).

  2. Run the ./configure script.

    If you wish to install OpenLI to a non-standard location (which is typically /usr/local/), append --prefix=<location> to the ./configure command.

    ./configure will fail if any of the required dependencies are missing. If you have installed any of the dependencies in non-standard locations, you may need to also tell ./configure where they are using the CFLAGS and LDFLAGS arguments. For example, if I had installed libtrace into the /home/wand/ directory, I would need to add CFLAGS="-I/home/wand/include" LDFLAGS="-L/home/wand/lib" to the ./configure command.

    To disable the building of any of the three core OpenLI components, you can add any of the following to your './configure' command.

     --disable-provisioner
 --disable-mediator
 --disable-collector

  3. Run make.

  4. To install OpenLI on your system, run make install. If you haven't set the prefix in Step 2, you'll probably need to run this command as a superuser (e.g. sudo make install).

    This last step is optional -- the OpenLI software components should run without needing to be installed.

Mediator RabbitMQ Setup

If you have built OpenLI from source, you will also need to perform some additional manual configuration steps to allow your mediator to be able to use RabbitMQ server for its internal message passing.

Note, you only need to do this for the mediator component and only if you built the mediator from source rather than using a packaged install.

More details can be found at https://github.com/OpenLI-NZ/openli/wiki/RabbitMQ-for-internal-buffering-on-Mediators but a brief set of instructions is included below:

First, if you haven't already done so, install RabbitMQ server. Instructions can be found at https://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html

Configure RabbitMQ on your mediator to only accept connections from localhost by adding the following lines to a config file called /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf (note, if this file does not exist then just create it -- if it does exist, just add the config to it):

    listeners.tcp.default = 127.0.0.1:5672
    loopback_users.guest = false

Start the RabbitMQ service:

    service rabbitmq-server restart

Next, create the OpenLI-med vhost on your RabbitMQ server:

    rabbitmqctl add_vhost "OpenLI-med"

Create the openli.nz user and assign them a password:

    rabbitmqctl add_user "openli.nz" "<secretpassword>"

Give the new user permissions to interact with the OpenLI-med vhost:

    rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "OpenLI-med" "openli.nz" ".*" ".*" ".*"

The last thing you need to do is to provide your OpenLI mediator with the password for the openli.nz user. There are two ways you can do this. The first is by adding a configuration option to your mediator config file (e.g. /etc/openli/mediator-config.yaml) as shown below:

    RMQinternalpass: <secretpassword>

The second is to create a file at /etc/openli/rmqinternalpass that contains ONLY the password that the mediator should use for internal RabbitMQ interactions. Make sure that the file is only readable by the user that is going to be running the OpenLI mediator process.

Note that if you provide the password using both methods, the password in the mediator config file has precedence over the one provided in /etc/openli/rmqinternalpass.

Running OpenLI

OpenLI consists of three software components: the provisioner, the collector and the mediator. In a typical deployment, you would have 1 provisioner, 1 mediator (although multiple mediators are supported) and multiple collectors (1 per interception point in your network).

The provisioner acts as a centralised controller for the OpenLI system. All other components report their presence to the provisioner, which then issues intercept instructions for the components to carry out. In the case of the collectors, these instructions will identify the interception target and detail which mediator should receive the intercept records from that target. For the mediator, the instructions will describe how to connect to the law enforcement agencies and which intercepts should be forwarded to each agency.

The mediator collates the intercept records produced by the collectors and forwards them to the appropriate agency via the handovers (HI2 and HI3, to use ETSI terminology). The mediator also maintains the TCP sessions for the agency handovers, including sending keep-alives when the handovers are otherwise idle.

The collector captures the packets that are observed on one or more network interfaces. If any of the packets is destined to or sent by an intercept target, the collector will encode the packet using the ETSI standard and forward the encoded packet onto a mediator as an intercept record. The collector also maintains all of the necessary internal state to map intercept targets (which are typically expressed as SIP URIs or ISP usernames) to their corresponding RTP or IP sessions. A collector can capture using multiple input sources (i.e. capture interfaces) and use multiple threads to spread the collection workload across multiple CPU cores.

The recommended way to learn about OpenLI is by taking our tutorial, which can be found at https://github.com/OpenLI-NZ/openli/wiki/OpenLI-Tutorial -- the tutorial includes practical exercises using containers that will help you become familiar with the OpenLI components and how to configure them.

More details on how to configure and run each component can be found in the relevant document in the doc/ directory included with the OpenLI source. Example configuration for each component is also included in this directory.

Changing configuration of a running OpenLI system

If you wish to make changes to the configuration of a running instance of OpenLI, sending a SIGHUP to any running OpenLI process will cause it to re-read its configuration files and apply any changes that have occurred. Any ongoing intercepts that have not been modified will continue uninterrupted. The OpenLI components will be notified of any intercepts that have been added, removed or modified and update their behaviour accordingly.

Starting from version 1.0.4, the provisioner will also listen on a socket for RESTful HTTP requests that either add or modify the running intercept configuration. The API for interacting with this update socket is documented at https://github.com/OpenLI-NZ/openli/wiki/Intercept-Configuration-REST-API

Common problems with OpenLI

Q. OpenLI doesn't build or complains about unresolved symbols when I try to start one of the tools!

A. Unfortunately there are plenty of reasons why this might happen. Here are a few things you can try that might resolve your issue:

Q. My collector keeps logging messages "dropped X packets in last second".

A. This means that your collector is not keeping up with the number of packets that it is trying to intercept. This can be a tricky problem to solve.

If you have unused CPU cores, try increasing the number of threads used by the collector input that is handling your IP traffic. You can also try increasing the number of encoding threads used by the collector.

If the input source for your IP traffic is a standard network interface, you may want to consider using an Intel DPDK capable interface instead. This may require you to install a DPDK-supported NIC on your collector. See DPDKNotes.md in the doc/ directory for more information on how to configure a DPDK interface for use with OpenLI.

Otherwise, your options are:

  • use more powerful hardware for your collector (more CPU cores generally helps most).

  • find a way to split the interception workload across multiple collectors (only if the workload is coming from multiple intercepts).

  • accept that your LI needs are too large to be handled by a simple open-source project and ask a commercial LI vendor if they can supply you with a solution that can scale to your network size (be prepared to pay a significant sum for this, of course).

Q. My mediator is not passing intercept records to the connected agencies and I see that there are log messages complaining about "OpenLI Mediator: failed to log into RMQ broker using plain auth".

A. This means that your RabbitMQ internal password for the mediator is incorrect.

If you installed your OpenLI mediator using a package, you may need to remove the package (using --purge if removing a .deb) and reinstall. I would suggest backing up /etc/openli/mediator-config.yaml first. If the issue still persists, remove any RMQinternalpass configuration option that is present in your mediator config file and try again.

If you installed your OpenLI mediator manually, check the value of the RMQinternalpass configuration option in your mediator config file. Ensure that the value for this option matches the password that you provided when you created the openli.nz user in RabbitMQ. If the option does not exist, add it (and the correct value) to the mediator config file.

If all else fails, you can reset the openli.nz user password by running:

    rabbitmqctl change_password "openli.nz" "<anewpassword>"

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