refactor: Enhance docs, code, add tests in LowestBasePalindrome

[Hardvan]

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 75.74%. Comparing base (a0b6c52) to head (aa51d29).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##             master    #6648   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     75.74%   75.74%           
  Complexity     5765     5765           
=========================================
  Files           701      701           
  Lines         19757    19757           
  Branches       3831     3831           
=========================================
  Hits          14964    14964           
  Misses         4214     4214           
  Partials        579      579           

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