Wadoo

An XML/XSLT static site generator written in PHP.

Introduction

The ultimate goal of Wadoo is to create a folder full of static files that you can deploy anywhere. These are the steps involved in generating a website:

1. Create a data.xml file that will be used as the source document for all the transformations.
2. Create a sitemap.xml file that defines all the files that have to be generated and the different stylesheets you want to use for the transformations.
3. Compile any (or all) the resources present in the sitemap and enjoy the new website.

That's Wadoo from a really high level perspective. It is not blog-aware (though it can certainly power a blog) nor does it enforce any kind of URL structure. Just do what you want with it.

Installation

Wadoo requires PHP 5.3 and composer for managing external dependencies.

There's very little to do to start using Wadoo. Just run composer install inside the root folder and you're good to go. If you've installed PHP 5.4 on your machine, it comes with an embedded webserver which you can use right away to serve Wadoo while in development. All you need to do is to cd public and php -S localhost:8000 router.php.

If you want to use Apache, there's a sample.htaccess (that should be renamed to .htaccess — see Compilation tips and tricks) inside public/ where you have to change RewriteBase according to your installation path.

Usage

Unlike most static site generators out there, Wadoo doesn't have a CLI tool to interact with, nor does it provide a development server that automatically compiles your stuff as soon as you save a file.

Wadoo requires a webserver to run but this doesn't mean you'll find cool looking buttons to click :)

You can invoke different actions through the ?action GET parameter. For example, to compile the file about.html you'll call:

index.php?action=compile&uri=about.html

That will (re)compile the file about.html. Of course the index.php part can be skipped. Take a look at the Compilation tips and tricks section for a simplified compilation workflow.

NOTE Appending &echo to (almost) any action will cause Wadoo to print on the screen the result of the transformation rather than write it to disk. This is extremely useful for testing when you don't want to constantly update the file but just want to see what is going on in your browser.

Following are explanations of all the available actions.

Merge data

?action=merge-data

All your data is stored inside data.xml. Depending on the project, this file can become quite large and a pain to update. That's why it can be generated automatically.

You can create a data folder and put all your stuff into it. There's no file naming convention to follow and you can go as deep as you wish with your folders. All the files found will be merged into a single, big file.

Given a folder structure like the following:

data/
-- portfolio/
-- -- design.xml
-- -- development.xml
-- -- content-management.xml
-- pages/
-- -- about.xml
-- -- home.xml
-- blog/
-- -- 2012/
-- -- -- this-blog-has-moved.xml
-- -- -- first-post.xml

Wadoo will generate something like this:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
  <folder path="portfolio">
    <file filename="design.xml">
      [design.xml content]
    </file>
    <file filename="development.xml">
      ...
    </file>
    <file filename="content-management.xml">
      ...
    </file>
  </folder>
  <folder path="pages">
    <file filename="about.xml">
      ...
    </file>
    <file filename="home.xml">
      ...
    </file>
  </folder>
  <folder path="blog">
    <folder path="blog/2012">
    <file filename="this-blog-has-moved.xml">
      ...
    </file>
    <file filename="first-post.xml">
      ...
    </file>
    </folder>
  </folder>
</data>

Remember that the folder structure you use in the data directory has nothing to do with the final URL structure, which is instead defined in the sitemap.

Sitemap

?action=sitemap&template=sitemap.xsl

As for the data, you can write your sitemap by hand or have Wadoo generate it. Essentially, a sitemap has this structure:

<sitemap>
  <resource uri="index.html" template="templates/index.xsl"/>
  <resource uri="blog/index.html" template="templates/list.xsl"/>
  <resource uri="blog/2012/bikes/index.html" template="templates/entry.xsl" handle="bikes"/>
  <resource uri="blog/2012/wing/index.html" template="templates/entry.xsl" handle="wing"/>
  <resource uri="blog/2012/bridge/index.html" template="templates/entry.xsl" handle="bridge"/>
  <resource uri="blog/2012/road/index.html" template="templates/entry.xsl" handle="road"/>
</sitemap>

Every resource node maps to a file that will be compiled. The @uri attribute specifies the generated file name while @template is the stylesheet to be used during that specific transformation. Any additional attribute will be provided as a parameter during the tranformation so that it can be easily accessed through $param syntax.

If you have dynamic content, you clearly want to automate the sitemap generation, otherwise everytime you add i.e. a blog post you'd have to open the sitemap.xml file and append the correct resource for that specific post.

When calling this action you have to provide an additional parameter template which will be the stylesheet used to generate the sitemap.

Compile

?action=compile&uri=uri

This is the core of Wadoo. While you can (sort of) live without the other two actions, this one is required to compile the website. By default, the website will be compiled inside the public folder.

If the uri parameter isn't provided, Wadoo will compile the whole website (every resource present in sitemap.xml). Specifying the resource will make Wadoo compile just that single file. That's all there is to it, really.

Executing more than one action at once

?action=merge-and-compile  (merge-data + compile)
?action=full-compile       (merge-data + sitemap + compile)

It can be useful at times to invoke more than one action with a single call. Let's say you're editing a post and you're checking how it is rendering on screen. If you change the content of the post you'd need to first re-merge data.xml and then compile the associated resource. You can do this all at once using merge-and-compile.

Now say the post you're editing has a title/@handle that you're using in your sitemap as the resource URI. If you don't recompile the sitemap you won't be able to see the updated post – that's when a full-compile can be handy.

Compilation tips and tricks

It's fine to use &echo while compiling during development because it lets you quickly see what you're doing. The problem is: all your generated HTML will contains links like pages/works.html but you can't follow them because what you're after is something along the lines of ?action=compile&uri=pages/works.html&echo (any reference to assets files will be broken too, as soon as you add folders to the mix).

To overcome this limitation, you can either run Wadoo with the embedded web server (requires PHP 5.4) or use the smart .htaccess file inside the public folder. Either way, you'll be able to browse the website with &echo always enabled and the definitive links.

Embedded webserver

This is the easiest, just open a terminal, cd to the Wadoo directory and then cd to the public folder. Now run this command: php -S localhost:8000 router.php and you should be able to see your changes as you develop at the address http://localhost:8000.

Apache .htaccess

Rename sample.htaccess to .htaccess and change RewriteBase. Just make sure you're browsing the website from the public folder (http://localhost/path/to/wadoo/public) or it won't work.

As a last note, I prefer using absolute links over relative links, especially with complex URL structures. Wadoo provides a $root parameter that is the base URL upon which you can build all your links. Given that transformation parameters can be defined in the URL and they will take precedence over default parameters, when you're ready to compile for production, you can simply override the $root parameter like this: ?action=compile&root=http://www.production.mywebsite.com.

This trick works for any parameter. GET will always take precedence.

Filters

Filters extend Wadoo functionalities. By default, it comes with two filters.

• HTML5 doctype
  Works pretty much the same as the Symphony extension it is based upon. Makes it possible to use the HTML5 doctype with XSLT 1.0.

• Markdown
  Turn markdown into html. It can either process specific nodes in your xml documents (just add a @markdown-process attribute to target those elements) or files with markdown text only, which should just have a valid extension (the most common are supported, i.e. .markdown, md and so on).

Note to Symphony CMS users

A few words to those enlightened people using Symphony CMS. I like to think of Wadoo as the Symphony of static site generators. It provides very little by default but yet, it is so powerful and so enjoyable to work with that you'll fall in love with it very shortly.

Of course it can't (and doesn't aim to) be a replacement for a CMS, but I found it especially useful in the early stages of a project when you just need a tool to put together a prototype or the final template that will be then integrated into the CMS.

You can think of the Wadoo sitemap as a list of Symphony pages where the uri is the page URL and the template is, well, the page template. It may also help to think of data.xml as a single big static XML datasource that is attached to every page, and is the only datasource available. There's no concept of utility, but of course they all work out of the box being just XSLT templates.

It shouldn't be too hard to build small/medium websites with Wadoo. Just choose the right tool for the right job ;)

Sample Code

A Blog Sample

To help you get started, there are example files for a blog in the blog-sample branch of this repository. It includes a data directory, with XML data for an "About" page and two blog posts. This data is already compiled into a data.xml file. The sitemap.xml file lists the resources and it's generated with the template found in templates/sitemap.xsl. The templates directory contains the XSL files needed to transform the data.xml and the sitemap.xml files into a compiled site.

Pears

Dan Cedarholm's Pears site has been ported to Wadoo so you can maintain your own interface pattern pairings of CSS & HTML. Grab the code from the pears branch of this fork of the Wadoo repository.

Included in this sample code is a sitemap.xsl file that demonstrates how a sitemap.xml file can be automatically created from the data.xml file generated by Wadoo. It will recursively navigate the folder and file nodes of the data.xml file to generate the sitemap.