build: update to TypeScript 5.5 stable

[crisbeto]

Updates the repo to the stable version of TypeScript 5.5. I'm holding off on updating the new projects to it due to angular/angular#56358.

[alan-agius4]

Can you please also update new projects and schematics to use 5.5? There are a couple of occurrences for "typescript": "~5.4.2"

[crisbeto]

I mentioned it in the commit message: I'll hold off on switching new projects to it for now until we can land angular/angular#56358. Without it there's an edge case where users can see a very cryptic TS error.

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