fix(layout): remove some duplicate layout > flex styles (#11613)

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## PR Checklist
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- [x] The commit message follows [our guidelines](https://github.com/angular/material/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#-commit-message-format)
- [ ] Tests for the changes have been added or this is not a bug fix / enhancement
- [x] Docs have been added, updated, or were not required

## PR Type
What kind of change does this PR introduce?
<!-- Please check the one that applies to this PR using "x". -->
```
[ ] Bugfix
[ ] Enhancement
[ ] Documentation content changes
[ ] Code style update (formatting, local variables)
[x] Refactoring (no functional changes, no api changes)
[ ] Build related changes
[ ] CI related changes
[ ] Infrastructure changes
[ ] Other... Please describe:
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## What is the current behavior?
Some styles like `.layout-row > .flex-50` are duplicated in the final CSS output.
<!-- Please describe the current behavior that you are modifying and link to one or more relevant issues. -->
Issue Number: 
Fixes #11609

## What is the new behavior?
- removed some duplicate layout > flex styles
- reduced unminified CSS size by 5KB

## Does this PR introduce a breaking change?
```
[ ] Yes
[x] No
```
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## Other information

Author: Splaktar

src/core/style/layout.scss

@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@
 
 @mixin flex-properties-for-name($name: null) {
   $flexName: 'flex';
+  // $name would be something like xs, sm, md, lg, xl
   @if $name != null {
     $flexName: 'flex-#{$name}';
     $name : '-#{$name}';
@@ -149,24 +150,26 @@
       box-sizing: border-box;
     }
 
-    .layout#{$name}-row > .#{$flexName}-#{$i * 5} {
-      flex: 1 1 100%;
-      max-width: #{$value};
-      max-height: 100%;
-      box-sizing: border-box;
-
-      // Required by Chrome M48+ due to http://crbug.com/546034
-      @if $i == 0 {  min-width: 0;  }
-    }
-
-    .layout#{$name}-column > .#{$flexName}-#{$i * 5} {
-      flex: 1 1 100%;
-      max-width: 100%;
-      max-height: #{$value};
-      box-sizing: border-box;
-
-      // Required by Chrome M48+ due to http://crbug.com/546034
-      @if $i == 0 {  min-height: 0;  }
+    @if ($name != '') {
+      .layout#{$name}-row > .#{$flexName}-#{$i * 5} {
+        flex: 1 1 100%;
+        max-width: #{$value};
+        max-height: 100%;
+        box-sizing: border-box;
+
+        // Required by Chrome M48+ due to http://crbug.com/546034
+        @if $i == 0 { min-width: 0; }
+      }
+
+      .layout#{$name}-column > .#{$flexName}-#{$i * 5} {
+        flex: 1 1 100%;
+        max-width: 100%;
+        max-height: #{$value};
+        box-sizing: border-box;
+
+        // Required by Chrome M48+ due to http://crbug.com/546034
+        @if $i == 0 { min-height: 0; }
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -190,7 +193,7 @@
     > .#{$flexName}-66 { flex: 1 1 100%;  max-width: 66.66%;  max-height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; }
 
     // Required by Chrome M48+ due to http://crbug.com/546034
-    > .flex { min-width: 0;  }
+    > .flex { min-width: 0; }
   }
 
   .layout#{$name}-column {