[CI] JNI jobs fail to install archery due to old Python version on images

[raulcd]

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

Some of the JNI jobs are failing:

Example:

https://github.com/apache/arrow-java/actions/runs/18299702972/job/52105015738

with:

Install Archery
  Obtaining file:///arrow/dev/archery
    Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
    Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
    error: subprocess-exited-with-error
    
    × python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
    │ exit code: 1
    ╰─> [1 lines of output]
        Python < 3.10 is not supported
        [end of output]
    
    note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  
  Notice:  A new release of pip is available: 24.2 -> 25.2
  Notice:  To update, run: python -m pip install --upgrade pip
  error: metadata-generation-failed
  
  × Encountered error while generating package metadata.
  ╰─> See above for output.
  
  note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
  hint: See above for details.