GH-37996: [MATLAB] Add a static constructor method named fromMATLAB to arrow.array.StructArray

[sgilmore10]

Rationale for this change

Right now, the only way to construct an arrow.array.StructArray is to call its static method fromArrays method. Doing so requires users to first construct the individual field arrays before creating the StructArray.

>> a1 = arrow.array([1 2 3 4]);
>> a2 = arrow.array(["A" "B" "C" "D"]);
>> s1 = arrow.array.StructArray.fromArrays(a1, a2, FieldNames=["Number" "String"]);
>> class(s1)

ans =

    'arrow.array.StructArray'

It would be nice if users could construct StructArrays from MATLAB tables by either calling arrow.array.StructArray.fromMATLAB() or by passing a table to arrow.array():

>> t = table([1 2 3 4]', ["A1" "A2" "A3" "A4"]', VariableNames=["Number", "String"])

% Call fromMATLAB method
>> s1 = arrow.array.StructArray.fromMATLAB(t);
>> class(s1)

ans =

    'arrow.array.StructArray'

% Pass table to arrow.array()
>> class(s2)

ans =

    'arrow.array.StructArray'

What changes are included in this PR?

1. Added static constructor method fromMATLAB to arrow.array.StructArray. It accepts a table as input and optionally two name-value pairs: FieldNames and Valid.
2. Set the ArrayStaticConstructor property of arrow.type.traits.StructTraits to @arrow.array.StructArray.fromMATLAB. Previously, it was set to missing.
3. Updated arrow.type.traits.traits(className) to return StructTraits if className is the string "table".
4. Updated arrow.array to accept a MATLAB table as input and return an arrow.array.StructArray if given a table.
5. Changed the signature of arrow.array() to accept varargin instead of pre-determined name-value pairs. The name-value pairs accepted depends on the type of array being constructed. For example, you can supply TimeUnit when constructing an arrow.array.TimestampArray, but TimeUnit will not be accepted when creating an arrow.array.Int8Array.

Are these changes tested?

Yes. Added new tests cases to tArray.m, tStructArray.m, ttraits.m, and tStructTraits.m.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, users can now create StructArrays directly from MATLAB tables by calling either arrow.array() or arrow.array.StructArray.fromMATLAB.

• Closes: [MATLAB] Add a static constructor method named fromMATLAB to arrow.array.StructArray #37996

[kevingurney]

Thanks for making this change!

[kevingurney]

+1

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 5 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 081e354.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 1 possible false positive for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.