ptrace_test: Add more debug output on test failures

Mostly automatic, using
`CHILD_REQUIRE\(([^|&\n]*) ==` -> `CHILD_REQUIRE_EQ_INT($1,`
`ATF_REQUIRE\(([^|&\n]*) ==` -> `REQUIRE_EQ_INT($1,` followed by
git-clang-format -f and then manually checking ones that contain ||/&&.

Test Plan:
Still getting the same failure but now it prints
`psr.sr_error (0) == EBADF (9) not met` instead of just failing
without printing the values.

PR:		243605
Reviewed By:	jhb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D28887