iocage

A FreeBSD jail manager

iocage is a jail/container manager amalgamating some of the best features and technologies the FreeBSD operating system has to offer. It is geared for ease of use with a simple and easy to understand command syntax.

iocage is in the FreeBSD ports tree as sysutils/py-iocage. To install using binary packages, simply run: pkg install py39-iocage

Installation

GitHub:

The FreeBSD source tree must be located at $SRC_BASE (/usr/src by default) to build from git.

• pkg install python39 git-lite py39-cython py39-libzfs py39-pip
• git clone https://github.com/iocage/iocage
• make install as root

To install subsequent updates: run make install as root.

Ports:

• Build the port as follows: cd /usr/ports/sysutils/iocage/ ; make install clean

Pkg:

• It is possible to install pre-built packages using pkg(8) if you are using FreeBSD 10 or above: pkg install py39-iocage

Upgrading from iocage_legacy:

This repository replaces iocage_legacy. To upgrade to the current version:

1. Stop the jails (service iocage stop; iocage stop ALL)
2. Back up your data
3. Remove the old iocage package if it is installed (pkg delete iocage)
4. Install iocage using one of the methods above
5. Migrate the jails. This can be done by running iocage list as root
6. Start the jails (service iocage onestart)

Links

• iocage Project Website
• Documentation
• Mailing list

WARNING:

• Some features of the previous iocage_legacy are either being dropped or simply not ported yet, feel free to open an issue asking about your favorite feature. But please search before opening a new one. PR's welcome for any feature you want!

Raising an issue:

We like issues! If you are having trouble with iocage please open a GitHub issue and we will run around with our hair on fire look into it. Before doing so, please give us some information about the situation:

• Tell us what version of FreeBSD you are using with something like uname -ro
• It would also be helpful if you gave us the output of iocage --version
• Most importantly, try to be detailed. Simply stating "I tried consoling into a jail and it broke" will not help us very much.
• Use the Markdown Basics GitHub page for more information on how to paste lines of code and terminal output.

Submitting a pull request:

Please be detailed on the exact use case of your change and a short demo of it. Make sure it conforms with PEP-8 and that you supply a test with it if relevant. Lines may not be longer then 80 characters.

FEATURES

• Ease of use
• Rapid jail creation within seconds
• Automatic package installation
• Virtual networking stacks (vnet)
• Shared IP based jails (non vnet)
• Transparent ZFS snapshot management
• Export and import
• And many more!

---

QUICK HOWTO

Activate a zpool:

iocage activate ZPOOL

NOTE: ZPOOL is a placeholder. Use zpool list and substitute it for the zpool you wish to use.

Fetch a release:

iocage fetch

Create a jail:

iocage create -n myjail ip4_addr="em0|192.168.1.10/24" -r 11.0-RELEASE

NOTE: em0 and 11.0-RELEASE are placeholders. Please replace them with your real interface (ifconfig) and RELEASE chosen during iocage fetch.

Start the jail:

iocage start myjail

Congratulations, you have created your first jail with iocage! You can now use it like you would a real system. Since SSH won't be available by default, iocage console myjail is a useful spot to begin configuration of your jail.

To see a list of commands available to you now, type iocage outside the jail.

---

REQUIREMENTS

• FreeBSD 11.4-RELEASE amd64 and higher or HardenedBSD/TrueOS
• ZFS file system
• Python 3.8+
• UTF-8 locale (place into your ~/.login_conf):

me:\
        :charset=UTF-8:\
        :lang=en_US.UTF-8:\
        :setenv=LC_COLLATE=C:

Optional

• Kernel compiled with:

    # This is optional and only needed if you need VNET
  
    options         VIMAGE # VNET/Vimage support
  

Helpful Considerations

• For the explanations on jail properties read jail(8)

• Create bridge0 and bridge1 interfaces for VNET jails to attach to.

• Use iocage set to modify properties and iocage get to retrieve property values

• Type iocage COMMAND --help to see any flags the command supports and their help, for example:

    iocage create --help
    iocage fetch --help
    iocage list --help
  

• If using VNET consider adding the following to /etc/sysctl.conf on the host:

    net.inet.ip.forwarding=1       # Enable IP forwarding between interfaces
    net.link.bridge.pfil_onlyip=0  # Only pass IP packets when pfil is enabled
    net.link.bridge.pfil_bridge=0  # Packet filter on the bridge interface
    net.link.bridge.pfil_member=0  # Packet filter on the member interface
  

• Lots of jails or a big server? Mount fdescfs:

    mount -t fdescfs null /dev/fd