Drop python 3.9

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.9"
+          python-version: "3.10"
       - name: Check README syntax
         run: |
           pip install restructuredtext-lint
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - os: ubuntu-latest
-            python-version: "3.9"
+            python-version: "3.10"
             install-method: mamba
 
           - os: ubuntu-latest
@@ -60,12 +60,12 @@ jobs:
             install-method: pip
 
           - os: macos-latest
-            python-version: "3.12"
-            install-method: mamba
+            python-version: "3.10"
+            install-method: pip
 
           - os: macos-latest
-            python-version: "3.9"
-            install-method: pip
+            python-version: "3.12"
+            install-method: mamba
 
     defaults:
       run:
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.9"
+          python-version: "3.10"
 
       - name: Install doc dependencies
         run: |

.readthedocs.yaml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ build:
     - ffmpeg
     - graphviz
   tools:
-    python: "3.9"
+    python: "3.10"
 
 python:
   install:

docs/changes/2526.maintenance.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Drop support for python 3.9.

docs/conf.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-#
 # ctapipe documentation build configuration file, created by
 # sphinx-quickstart on Fri Jan  6 10:22:58 2017.
 #
@@ -390,7 +388,7 @@ def setup(app):
 
 # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
 intersphinx_mapping = {
-    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3.9", None),
+    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3.10", None),
     "numpy": ("https://numpy.org/doc/stable/", None),
     "scipy": ("https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/", None),
     "astropy": ("https://docs.astropy.org/en/latest/", None),

examples/algorithms/nd_interpolation.py

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 plt.pcolormesh(
     energy_table.bin_centers(0), energy_table.bin_centers(1), energy_table.hist.T
 )
-plt.title("Raw table, uninterpolated {0}".format(energy_table.hist.T.shape))
+plt.title(f"Raw table, uninterpolated {energy_table.hist.T.shape}")
 cb = plt.colorbar()
 cb.set_label(r"$\log_{10}(E/\mathrm{TeV})$")
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
     "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
@@ -28,15 +27,14 @@ classifiers = [
 ]
 
 dynamic = ["version"]
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 
 dependencies = [
     "astropy >=5.3,<7.0.0a0",
     "bokeh ~=2.0",
     "docutils",
     "eventio >=1.9.1, <2.0.0a0",
     "iminuit >=2",
-    "importlib_metadata; python_version < '3.10'",
     "joblib",
     "matplotlib ~=3.0",
     "numba >=0.56",
@@ -193,7 +191,7 @@ relative_files = true
 
 
 [tool.ruff]
-target-version = "py39"
+target-version = "py310"
 line-length = 88
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]

sonar-project.properties

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ sonar.projectKey=ctapipe_github_9404f0f6-9294-11ed-bf3b-07aa00bdfe94
 sonar.qualitygate.wait=true
 sonar.language=python
 sonar.python.coverage.reportPaths=coverage.xml
-sonar.python.version=3.9
+sonar.python.version=3.10

src/ctapipe/atmosphere.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 import abc
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from functools import partial
-from typing import Dict
 
 import numpy as np
 from astropy import units as u
@@ -342,7 +341,7 @@ def __init__(self, table: Table):
         ]
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_array(cls, array: np.ndarray, metadata: Dict = None):
+    def from_array(cls, array: np.ndarray, metadata: dict = None):
         """construct from a 5x5 array as provided by eventio"""
 
         if metadata is None:

src/ctapipe/coordinates/impact_distance.py

@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
 Functions to compute the impact distance from a simulated or reconstructed
 shower axis (Defined by the line from the impact point on the ground in the
 reconstructed sky direction) to each telescope's ground position.
 """
-
-from typing import Union
-
 import numpy as np
 from astropy import units as u
 from astropy.coordinates import SkyCoord
@@ -37,7 +33,7 @@ def impact_distance(point: np.ndarray, direction: np.ndarray, test_points: np.nd
 
 
 def shower_impact_distance(
-    shower_geom: Union[ReconstructedGeometryContainer, SimulatedShowerContainer],
+    shower_geom: ReconstructedGeometryContainer | SimulatedShowerContainer,
     subarray,
 ):
     """computes the impact distance of the shower axis to the telescope positions

src/ctapipe/core/container.py

@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ def as_dict(self, recursive=False, flatten=False, add_prefix=False, add_key=Fals
 
         d = dict()
         for key, val in self.items(add_prefix=add_prefix):
-            if isinstance(val, (Container, Map)):
+            if isinstance(val, Container | Map):
                 if flatten:
                     d.update(val.as_dict(**kwargs))
                 else:

src/ctapipe/core/plugins.py

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 """ctapipe plugin system"""
 import logging
-import sys
-
-if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
-    from importlib_metadata import entry_points
-else:
-    from importlib.metadata import entry_points
-
+from importlib.metadata import entry_points
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 installed_entry_points = entry_points()

src/ctapipe/core/telescope_component.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 import logging
 from collections import UserList
 from fnmatch import fnmatch
-from typing import Optional, Union
 
 import numpy as np
 from traitlets import List, TraitError, TraitType, Undefined
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ def attach_subarray(self, subarray):
             else:
                 raise ValueError(f"Unrecognized command: {command}")
 
-    def __getitem__(self, tel: Optional[Union[int, str]]):
+    def __getitem__(self, tel: int | str | None):
         """
         Returns the resolved parameter for the given telescope id
         """
@@ -213,7 +212,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, tel: Optional[Union[int, str]]):
                 "`attach_subarray` first before trying to access a value by tel_id"
             )
 
-        if isinstance(tel, (int, np.integer)):
+        if isinstance(tel, int | np.integer):
             try:
                 return self._value_for_tel_id[tel]
             except KeyError:
@@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ def _validate_entry(self, obj, value):
 
     def validate(self, obj, value):
         # Support a single value for all (check and convert into a default value)
-        if not isinstance(value, (list, List, UserList, TelescopePatternList)):
+        if not isinstance(value, list | List | UserList | TelescopePatternList):
             value = [("type", "*", self._validate_entry(obj, value))]
 
         # Check each value of list
@@ -374,7 +373,7 @@ def validate(self, obj, value):
 
     def set(self, obj, value):
         # Support a single value for all (check and convert into a default value)
-        if not isinstance(value, (list, List, UserList, TelescopePatternList)):
+        if not isinstance(value, list | List | UserList | TelescopePatternList):
             value = [("type", "*", self._validate_entry(obj, value))]
 
         # Retain existing subarray description

src/ctapipe/core/tool.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 from inspect import cleandoc
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 from tempfile import mkdtemp
-from typing import Union
 
 import yaml
 from docutils.core import publish_parts
@@ -258,7 +257,7 @@ def initialize(self, argv=None):
 
         self.log.info(f"ctapipe version {self.version_string}")
 
-    def load_config_file(self, path: Union[str, pathlib.Path]) -> None:
+    def load_config_file(self, path: str | pathlib.Path) -> None:
         """
         Load a configuration file in one of the supported formats, and merge it with
         the current config if it exists.
@@ -272,7 +271,7 @@ def load_config_file(self, path: Union[str, pathlib.Path]) -> None:
 
         if path.suffix in [".yaml", ".yml"]:
             # do our own YAML loading
-            with open(path, "r") as infile:
+            with open(path) as infile:
                 config = Config(yaml.safe_load(infile))
             self.update_config(config)
         elif path.suffix == ".toml" and HAS_TOML:

src/ctapipe/core/traits.py

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def validate(self, obj, value):
             else:
                 self.error(obj, value)
 
-        if not isinstance(value, (str, pathlib.Path)):
+        if not isinstance(value, str | pathlib.Path):
             return self.error(obj, value)
 
         # expand any environment variables in the path:

src/ctapipe/image/extractor.py

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 
 
 from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from functools import lru_cache
-from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 import astropy.units as u
 import numpy as np
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ def _calculate_correction(self, tel_id, width, shift):
 
     def _apply_first_pass(
         self, waveforms, tel_id
-    ) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
+    ) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
         """
         Execute step 1.
 
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ def _apply_second_pass(
         pulse_time_1stpass,
         correction,
         broken_pixels,
-    ) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
+    ) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
         """
         Follow steps from 2 to 7.
 
@@ -1299,8 +1299,8 @@ def deconvolution_parameters(
     window_shift: int,
     leading_edge_timing: bool,
     leading_edge_rel_descend_limit: float,
-    time_profile_pdf: Optional[Callable[[npt.ArrayLike], npt.ArrayLike]] = None,
-) -> Tuple[List[float], List[float], List[float]]:
+    time_profile_pdf: Callable[[npt.ArrayLike], npt.ArrayLike] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[list[float], list[float], list[float]]:
     """
     Estimates deconvolution and recalibration parameters from the camera's reference
     single-p.e. pulse shape for the given configuration of FlashCamExtractor.

src/ctapipe/image/invalid_pixels.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 Methods to interpolate broken pixels
 """
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
-from typing import Tuple
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class InvalidPixelHandler(TelescopeComponent, metaclass=ABCMeta):
     @abstractmethod
     def __call__(
         self, tel_id, image, peak_time, pixel_mask
-    ) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
+    ) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
         """
         Handle invalid (broken, high noise, ...) pixels.
 

src/ctapipe/instrument/camera/geometry.py

@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ def from_table(cls, url_or_table, **kwargs):
 
         version = tab.meta.get("TAB_VER")
         if version not in cls.SUPPORTED_TAB_VERSIONS:
-            raise IOError(f"Unsupported camera geometry table version: {version}")
+            raise OSError(f"Unsupported camera geometry table version: {version}")
 
         return cls(
             name=tab.meta.get("CAM_ID", "Unknown"),

src/ctapipe/instrument/camera/readout.py

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ def from_table(cls, url_or_table, **kwargs):
 
         version = tab.meta.get("TAB_VER", "")
         if version not in cls.SUPPORTED_TAB_VERSIONS:
-            raise IOError(
+            raise OSError(
                 f"CameraReadout table has unsupported version: {version},"
                 f" supported are: {cls.SUPPORTED_TAB_VERSIONS}."
             )