Extrapolator Structure and NearestSimplexExtrapolator for Parametrized Components

[RuneDominik]

This adds a BaseExtrapolator structure similar to the BaseInterpolators as well as a first Extrapolator usable with parametrized components. The actual extrapolator extends a linear interpolation beyond the template points in 1D and a baryzentric interpolation beyond the convex hull of the grid in 2D. Extrapolation in more then 2D is not implemented.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage: 99.06% and project coverage change: +0.39 🎉

Comparison is base (83ea9aa) 93.94% compared to head (642940a) 94.33%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #236      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   93.94%   94.33%   +0.39%     
==========================================
  Files          54       58       +4     
  Lines        2544     2738     +194     
==========================================
+ Hits         2390     2583     +193     
- Misses        154      155       +1     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...ion/tests/test_component_estimator_base_classes.py	96.96% <92.30%> (-0.28%)	⬇️
pyirf/benchmarks/angular_resolution.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pyirf/benchmarks/tests/test_angular_resolution.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pyirf/interpolation/__init__.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pyirf/interpolation/base_extrapolators.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pyirf/interpolation/component_estimators.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pyirf/interpolation/moment_morph_interpolator.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pyirf/interpolation/nearest_neighbor_searcher.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...yirf/interpolation/nearest_simplex_extrapolator.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...irf/interpolation/tests/test_base_extrapolators.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 3 more

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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