[LiveClient] Pass Self in Callbacks, Make Async/Sync Client StartUp Same

[davidvonthenen]

This PR has a number of changes.

1. Pass Self in Callbacks - This is to allow for other implementations to extend the class easier and to override functions and behaviors. Also always for access to class member variables.
2. Make Async/Sync client the same - I thought there was some history in keeping the async client similar to what was implemented in v2, but I would prefer breaking the interface here than preserving the older mechanism. This keeps the Async and Sync LiveClients similar in design.
3. Added some more debug statements sync live client that were missing.
4. Simplified the example (adds on to the work done in Updates to README, examples, and More PyDocs #209

Was working on a PR to have the https://github.com/deepgram/streaming-test-suite use the Python SDK v3 and in order to get the options for transcription (vtt, srt) easier, that work would highly benefit from item 1 in this list.

Tested using: deepgram-sdk==v3.0.0-dev.14
Made sure all streaming examples work fine and also consumable from an external repo.