build: strip debugging information from final binary

[kruskall]

Binary size went from 11MB to 7.4MB

Closes #291

[ghost]

💚 Build Succeeded

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Build stats

• Start Time: 2023-01-13T08:26:47.359+0000

• Duration: 7 min 8 sec

Test stats 🧪

Test	Results
Failed	0
Passed	204
Skipped	2
Total	206

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[marclop]

Looks good. Do we know why the 1.19 macOS test suite is failing?

[kruskall]

Do we know why the 1.19 macOS test suite is failing?

Flaky test 😭