Add authors and contributors to Practice Exercises (#120)

For each Practice Exercise, we've looked at the commit history of its files to see which commits touched that Practice Exercise.

Each commit that we could associate with a Practice Exercise was used to determine authorship/contributorship.

### Authors

1. Find the Git commit author of the oldest commit linked to that Practice Exercise
2. Find the GitHub username for the Git commit author of that commit
3. Add the GitHub username of the Git commit author to the `authors` key in the `.meta/config.json` file

### Contributors

1. Find the Git commit authors and any co-authors of all but the oldest commit linked to that Practice Exercise. If there is only one commit, there won't be any contributors.
1. Exclude the Git commit author and any co-authors of the oldest commit from the list of Git commit authors (an author is _not_ also a contributor)
2. Find the GitHub usernames for the Git commit authors and any co-authors of those commits
3. Add the GitHub usernames of the Git commit authors and any co-authors to the `contributor` key in the `.meta/config.json` file

We used the GitHub GraphQL API to find the username of a commit author or any co-authors. In some cases though, a username cannot be found for a commit (e.g. due to the user account no longer existing), in which case the commit was skipped.

## Renames

There are a small number of Practice Exercises that might have been renamed at some point. You can ask Git to "follow" a file over its renames using `git log --follow <file>`, which will also return commits made before renames. Unfortunately, Git does not store renames, it just stores the contents of the renamed files and tries to guess if a file was renamed by looking at its contents. This _can_ (and will) lead to false positives, where Git will think a file has been renamed whereas it hasn't. As we don't want to have incorrect authors/contributors for exercises, we're ignoring renames. The only exception to this are known exercise renames:

- `bracket-push` was renamed to `matching-brackets`
- `retree` was renamed to `satellite`
- `resistor-colors` was renamed to `resistor-color-duo`
- `kindergarden-garden` was renamed to `kindergarten-garden`

## Exclusions

There are some commits that we skipped over, and which thus didn't influence the authors/contributors list:

- Commits authored by `dependabot[bot]`, `dependabot-preview[bot]` or `github-actions[bot]`
- Bulk update PRs made by `ErikSchierboom` or `kytrinx` to update the track

exercises/practice/acronym/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Convert a long phrase to its acronym",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Acronym.cfc"

exercises/practice/anagram/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a word and a list of possible anagrams, select the correct sublist.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "jsteinshouer"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "bdw429s",
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Anagram.cfc"

exercises/practice/atbash-cipher/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Create an implementation of the atbash cipher, an ancient encryption system created in the Middle East.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "AtbashCipher.cfc"

exercises/practice/bob/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Bob is a lackadaisical teenager. In conversation, his responses are very limited.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx",
+    "sjwarner-bp"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Bob.cfc"

exercises/practice/diamond/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a letter, print a diamond starting with 'A' with the supplied letter at the widest point.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Diamond.cfc"

exercises/practice/difference-of-squares/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Find the difference between the square of the sum and the sum of the squares of the first N natural numbers.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "DifferenceOfSquares.cfc"

exercises/practice/flatten-array/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Take a nested list and return a single list with all values except nil/null",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "FlattenArray.cfc"

exercises/practice/gigasecond/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a moment, determine the moment that would be after a gigasecond has passed.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx",
+    "sjwarner-bp"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Gigasecond.cfc"

exercises/practice/grains/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Calculate the number of grains of wheat on a chessboard given that the number on each square doubles.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Grains.cfc"

exercises/practice/hamming/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Calculate the Hamming difference between two DNA strands.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx",
+    "sjwarner-bp"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Hamming.cfc"

exercises/practice/hello-world/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 {
   "blurb": "The classical introductory exercise. Just say \"Hello, World!\"",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "HelloWorld.cfc"

exercises/practice/isogram/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Determine if a word or phrase is an isogram.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Isogram.cfc"

exercises/practice/largest-series-product/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a string of digits, calculate the largest product for a contiguous substring of digits of length n.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "LargestSeriesProduct.cfc"

exercises/practice/leap/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a year, report if it is a leap year.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "nelsnich"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "bdw429s",
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Leap.cfc"

exercises/practice/luhn/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a number determine whether or not it is valid per the Luhn formula.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Luhn.cfc"

exercises/practice/markdown/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Refactor a Markdown parser",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "jsteinshouer"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "bdw429s",
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Markdown.cfc"

exercises/practice/nth-prime/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a number n, determine what the nth prime is.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "NthPrime.cfc"

exercises/practice/pangram/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Determine if a sentence is a pangram.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Pangram.cfc"

exercises/practice/pig-latin/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Implement a program that translates from English to Pig Latin",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "PigLatin.cfc"

exercises/practice/raindrops/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Convert a number to a string, the content of which depends on the number's factors.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Raindrops.cfc"

exercises/practice/rna-transcription/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a DNA strand, return its RNA Complement Transcription.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "RnaTranscription.cfc"

exercises/practice/saddle-points/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Detect saddle points in a matrix.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx",
+    "sjwarner-bp"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "SaddlePoints.cfc"

exercises/practice/scrabble-score/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a word, compute the Scrabble score for that word.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "ScrabbleScore.cfc"

exercises/practice/secret-handshake/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a decimal number, convert it to the appropriate sequence of events for a secret handshake.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "SecretHandshake.cfc"

exercises/practice/space-age/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given an age in seconds, calculate how old someone is in terms of a given planet's solar years.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "SpaceAge.cfc"

exercises/practice/sum-of-multiples/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a number, find the sum of all the multiples of particular numbers up to but not including that number.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "SumOfMultiples.cfc"

exercises/practice/triangle/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Determine if a triangle is equilateral, isosceles, or scalene.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "Triangle.cfc"

exercises/practice/word-count/.meta/config.json

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "blurb": "Given a phrase, count the occurrences of each word in that phrase.",
-  "authors": [],
+  "authors": [
+    "bdw429s"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "kytrinyx"
+  ],
   "files": {
     "solution": [
       "WordCount.cfc"