fix: Port exception chains from raven

[untitaker]

Fix #243

[codecov-io]

Codecov Report

Merging #244 into master will decrease coverage by 0.63%.
The diff coverage is 85%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #244      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   81.28%   80.64%   -0.64%     
==========================================
  Files          32       32              
  Lines        2703     2713      +10     
  Branches      440      442       +2     
==========================================
- Hits         2197     2188       -9     
- Misses        343      368      +25     
+ Partials      163      157       -6

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
sentry_sdk/utils.py	83.73% <85%> (+0.75%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/integrations/rq.py	38% <0%> (-42%)	⬇️

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