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[LeetCode] 483. Smallest Good Base #483

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grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 483. Smallest Good Base #483

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments

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@grandyang
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grandyang commented May 30, 2019

 

For an integer n, we call k>=2 a  good base  of n, if all digits of n base k are 1.

Now given a string representing n, you should return the smallest good base of n in string format.

Example 1:

Input: "13"
Output: "3"
Explanation: 13 base 3 is 111.

 

Example 2:

Input: "4681"
Output: "8"
Explanation: 4681 base 8 is 11111.

 

Example 3:

Input: "1000000000000000000"
Output: "999999999999999999"
Explanation: 1000000000000000000 base 999999999999999999 is 11.

 

Note:

  1. The range of n is [3, 10^18].
  2. The string representing n is always valid and will not have leading zeros.

 

这道题让我们求最小的好基数,定义了一个大于等于2的基数k,如果可以把数字n转化为各位都是1的数,那么就称这个基数k是好基数。通过看题目中的三个例子,应该大致可以理解题意了吧。如果我们用k表示基数,m表示转为全1数字的位数,那么数字n就可以拆分为:

n = 1 + k + k^2 + k^3 + ... + k^(m-1)

这是一个等比数列,中学数学的内容吧,利用求和公式可以表示为 n = (k^m - 1) / (k - 1)。我们的目标是求最小的k,那么仔细观察这个式子,在n恒定的情况,k越小则m却大,就是说上面的等式越长越好。下面我们来分析m的取值范围,题目中给了n的范围,是 [3, 10^18]。由于k至少为2,n至少为3,那么肯定至少有两项,则 m>=2。再来看m的上限该如何求?其实也不难,想要m最大,k就要最小,k最小是2,那么m最大只能为 log2(n + 1),数字n用二进制表示的时候可拆分出的项最多。但这道题要求变换后的数各位都是1,那么我们看题目中最后一个例子,可以发现,当 k=n-1 时,一定能变成 11,所以实在找不到更小的情况下就返回 n-1。

下面我们来确定k的范围,由于k至少为2,那么就可以根据下面这个不等式来求k的上限:

n = 1 + k + k^2 + k^3 + ... + k^(m-1) > k^(m-1)

解出 k < n^(1 / (m-1)),其实我们也可以可以通过 n < k^m - 1 来求出k的准确的下限,但由于是二分查找法,下限直接使用2也没啥问题。分析到这里,那么解法应该已经跃然纸上了,我们遍历所有可能的m值,然后利用二分查找法来确定k的值,对每一个k值,我们通过联合m值算出总和 sum,然后跟n来对比即可,参见代码如下:

 

class Solution {
public:
    string smallestGoodBase(string n) {
        long long num = stol(n);
        for (int i = log(num + 1) / log(2); i >= 2; --i) {
            long long left = 2, right = pow(num, 1.0 / (i - 1)) + 1;
            while (left < right) {
                long long mid = left + (right - left) / 2, sum = 0;
                for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
                    sum = sum * mid + 1;
                }
                if (sum == num) return to_string(mid);
                if (sum < num) left = mid + 1;
                else right = mid;
            }
        }
        return to_string(num - 1);
    }
};

 

Github 同步地址:

#483 

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/smallest-good-base/

https://leetcode.com/problems/smallest-good-base/discuss/96591/Java-O((logn)2)-binary-search-solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/smallest-good-base/discuss/96593/Concise-C%2B%2B-Binary-Search-solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/smallest-good-base/discuss/96590/3ms-AC-C%2B%2B-long-long-int-%2B-binary-search

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

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