Skip to content
New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

[LeetCode] 851. Loud and Rich #851

Open
grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 2 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 851. Loud and Rich #851

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 2 comments

Comments

@grandyang
Copy link
Owner

grandyang commented May 30, 2019

In a group of N people (labelled 0, 1, 2, ..., N-1), each person has different amounts of money, and different levels of quietness.

For convenience, we'll call the person with label x, simply "person x".

We'll say that richer[i] = [x, y] if person x definitely has more money than person y.  Note that richer may only be a subset of valid observations.

Also, we'll say quiet[x] = q if person x has quietness q.

Now, return answer, where answer[x] = y if y is the least quiet person (that is, the person y with the smallest value of quiet[y]), among all people who definitely have equal to or more money than person x.

Example 1:

Input: richer = [[1,0],[2,1],[3,1],[3,7],[4,3],[5,3],[6,3]], quiet = [3,2,5,4,6,1,7,0]
Output: [5,5,2,5,4,5,6,7]
Explanation:
answer[0] = 5.
Person 5 has more money than 3, which has more money than 1, which has more money than 0.
The only person who is quieter (has lower quiet[x]) is person 7, but
it isn't clear if they have more money than person 0.

answer[7] = 7.
Among all people that definitely have equal to or more money than person 7
(which could be persons 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7), the person who is the quietest (has lower quiet[x])
is person 7.

The other answers can be filled out with similar reasoning.

Note:

  1. 1 <= quiet.length = N <= 500
  2. 0 <= quiet[i] < N, all quiet[i] are different.
  3. 0 <= richer.length <= N * (N-1) / 2
  4. 0 <= richer[i][j] < N
  5. richer[i][0] != richer[i][1]
  6. richer[i]'s are all different.
  7. The observations in richer are all logically consistent.

这道题说是有N个人,给了我们一个二维数组 richer,告诉了一些人之间的贫富关系,还有一个 quiet 数组,表示每个人的安静程度,对于每一个人,让找出最安静,且不比其贫穷的人,注意这里可以包括自己。说实话,博主光开始没有看懂这道题的例子,因为博主以为返回的应该安静值,其实返回的应该是人的编号才对,这样题目中的例子才能讲得通,就比如说对于编号为2的那人,richer 数组中只说明了其比编号为1的人富有,但没有显示任何人比其富有,所有返回的人应该是其本身,所以 answer[2] = 2,还有就是编号为7的人,这里编号为3,4,5,6的人都比起富有,但是其本身的安静值最低,为0,所以还是返回其本身的编号,所以answer[7] = 7。

理解了题意之后就可以开始做题了,这道题的本质其实就是有向图的遍历,LeetCode 中还是有一些类似的题目的,比如 Course ScheduleCourse Schedule IIMinimum Height Trees,和 Reconstruct Itinerary 等。对于这类的题,其实解法都差不多,首先都是需要建立图的结构,一般都是用邻接链表来表示,在博主之前的那篇博客 Possible Bipartition,分别使用了二维数组和 HashMap 来建立邻接链表,一般来说,使用 HashMap 能节省一些空间,且更加灵活一些,所以这里还是用 HashMap 来建立。由于要找的人必须等于或者富于自己,所以我们可以建立每个人和其所有富于自己的人的集合,因为这里除了自己,不可能有人和你一样富的人。建立好图的结构后,我们可以对每个人进行分别查找了,首先每个人的目标安静值可以初始化为自身,因为就算没有比你富有的人,你自己也可以算满足条件的人,从 HashMap 中可以直接查找到比你富有的人,他们的安静值是可以用来更新的,但是还可能有人比他们还富有,那些更富有的人的安静值也得查一遍,所以就需要用递归来做,遍历到每个比你富有的人,对他再调用递归,这样返回的就是比他富有或相等,且安静值最小的人,用这个安静值来更新当前人的安静值即可,注意我们在递归的开始首先要查一下,若某人的安静值已经更新了,直接返回即可,不用再重复计算了,参见代码如下:

解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> loudAndRich(vector<vector<int>>& richer, vector<int>& quiet) {
        vector<int> res(quiet.size(), -1);
        unordered_map<int, vector<int>> findRicher;
        for (auto a : richer) findRicher[a[1]].push_back(a[0]);
        for (int i = 0; i < quiet.size(); ++i) {
            helper(findRicher, quiet, i, res);
        }
        return res;
    }
    int helper(unordered_map<int, vector<int>>& findRicher, vector<int>& quiet, int i, vector<int>& res) {
        if (res[i] > 0) return res[i];
        res[i] = i;
        for (int j : findRicher[i]) {
            if (quiet[res[i]] > quiet[helper(findRicher, quiet, j, res)]) {
                res[i] = res[j];
            }
        }
        return res[i];
    }
};

我们也可以使用迭代的写法,这里还是要用邻接链表来建立图的结构,但是有所不同的是,这里需要建立的映射是每个人跟所有比他穷的人的集合。然后还有建立每个人的入度,将所有入度为0的人将入队列 queue,先开始遍历,入度为0,表示是已经条件中没有人比他更富,那么就可以通过 HashMap 来遍历所有比他穷的人,若当前的人的安静值小于比他穷的人的安静值,那么更新比他穷的人的安静值,可以看到这里每次更新的都是别人的安静值,而上面递归的解法更新的都是当前人的安静值。然后将比他穷的人的入度减1,当减到0时,加入到队列 queue 中继续遍历,参见代码如下:

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> loudAndRich(vector<vector<int>>& richer, vector<int>& quiet) {
        int n = quiet.size();
        vector<int> res(n, -1), inDegree(n);
        unordered_map<int, vector<int>> findPoorer;
        queue<int> q;
        for (auto a : richer) {
            findPoorer[a[0]].push_back(a[1]);
            ++inDegree[a[1]];
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < quiet.size(); ++i) {
            if (inDegree[i] == 0) q.push(i);
            res[i] = i;
        }
        while (!q.empty()) {
            int cur = q.front(); q.pop();
            for (int next : findPoorer[cur]) {
                if (quiet[res[next]] > quiet[res[cur]]) res[next] = res[cur];
                if (--inDegree[next] == 0) q.push(next);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

Github 同步地址:

#851

类似题目:

Course Schedule

Course Schedule II

Minimum Height Trees

Reconstruct Itinerary

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/loud-and-rich/

https://leetcode.com/problems/loud-and-rich/discuss/137918/C%2B%2BJavaPython-Concise-DFS

https://leetcode.com/problems/loud-and-rich/discuss/138088/C%2B%2B-with-topological-sorting

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

喜欢请点赞,疼爱请打赏❤️~.~

微信打赏

|

Venmo 打赏


---|---

@szh-maker
Copy link

解法一最后的if判断应该是res[i]=res[j]

@grandyang
Copy link
Owner Author

解法一最后的if判断应该是res[i]=res[j]

已修改,多谢指出~

Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment
Labels
None yet
Projects
None yet
Development

No branches or pull requests

2 participants