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Raspberry Pi 4 #165

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hhstore opened this issue Jun 25, 2019 · 14 comments
Open

Raspberry Pi 4 #165

hhstore opened this issue Jun 25, 2019 · 14 comments
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Docker Kubernetes(K8S) RaspberryPi

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@hhstore
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hhstore commented Jun 25, 2019 •
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related:
@hhstore
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hhstore commented Jun 25, 2019 •
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Raspberry Pi 4

其他可选替代方案:

香橙派:

orangepi pc2 买过一个，当时 120，现在应该更便宜，跑 syncthing 作为数据备份用，两年没关机了，稳的很。

arm 方案:

  • N1 box / N1 盒子

拼多多购买
如果是 arm， 没有比 N1 更合适的了。
装个 armbian，docker 什么的浪的飞起。好用的很。

x86方案:

  • x86 英特尔: j1900

升腾主机，x86 平台，墙裂推荐
j1900 它不香么，整机功耗 10 多瓦

ref:

docker:

with k3s:

interesting projects:

requirements:

一些讨论:

应用场景:

1. 个人主机:

  • 个人工作主机 + 4k显示器
  • 非实用方案

2. 搭建测试集群:

2.1 k8s 集群:

2.2 etcd 集群:

2.3 es 集群:

2.4 kafka 集群:

@alexellis
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👋 you might also like https://k3sup.dev/ - a new tool for installing k3s and helm charts

@hhstore
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hhstore commented Dec 13, 2019

👋 you might also like https://k3sup.dev/ - a new tool for installing k3s and helm charts

cool, worth a try.

@hhstore
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hhstore commented Mar 20, 2020 •
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mac 下树莓派4 烧录:

1. 树莓派烧录系统:

image

  • 把 SD卡插到树莓派上.
  • 树莓派, 网线连接到路由器上.
  • 上电, 开机.

2. mac 通过 SSH 连接 树莓派:

  • 因为没用显示屏.

  • 需要通过 SSH 连接树莓派.

  • 这里需要通过路由器(华硕)查看 树莓派的 IP

image

# 树莓派 IP:
192.168.2.198


# 连接:
# 默认用户: pi
# 默认密码: raspberry
ssh pi@192.168.2.198


#########################

首次登录, 提示信息: 


henry@hh-imac27 [22时25分44秒] [~/Documents/iApp/ASUS]
-> % ssh pi@192.168.2.198
pi@192.168.2.198's password:
Linux raspberrypi 4.19.75-v7l+ #1270 SMP Tue Sep 24 18:51:41 BST 2019 armv7l

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Fri Mar 20 22:24:25 2020 from 192.168.2.10

SSH is enabled and the default password for the 'pi' user has not been changed.
This is a security risk - please login as the 'pi' user and type 'passwd' to set a new password.
  • 首次登录成功, 会提示 SSH 已开启, 提示更改默认密码.

image


# 更改默认密码: 

sudo passwd pi                    #修改 Pi 密码  
sudo passwd root                 #设置 root 密码    
su root                                #切换到 root 用户  
su pi                                    #切换到 pi 用户

3. SSH 通过 ssh-key 连接+禁用密码登录.

  • 把你 mac 机器的 ssh-key 的 public-key 添加到 树莓派的 .ssh 目录下.
  • 树莓派只安装了 vi, 没有装 vim, 用起来不习惯. 还是装一下 vim.

3.1 安装 vim:

su root
# 输入密码

apt install vim -y

3.2 添加 本地 ssh 公钥到树莓派:

# mac 的 ssh 公钥:

-> % ls ~/.ssh
id_rsa       id_rsa.pub   known_hosts  txy.sg.share

#########################

# 树莓派上操作: 

mkdir .ssh
# 创建: 
touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

# 使用 vi/vim 编辑上面的文件, 把 mac 的公钥, 拷贝到 authorized_keys 里. 
# 效果如下截图所示.
vim ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

image

  • 把公钥添加到树莓派的 .ssh/authorized_keys 里.
  • 退出, 重新连接. 验证不需要密码能正常登录.

3.3 禁用SSH 密码登录方式


vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

## 找到如下配置项, 需要设置成: 

    AuthorizedKeysFile   .ssh/authorized_keys   //公钥公钥认证文件

    PubkeyAuthentication yes   //可以使用公钥登录

    PasswordAuthentication no  //不允许使用密码登录

image

  • 必要的情况下, ssh 的默认端口 22, 也要改掉. 这里偷懒了.

  • 改为, 重启 ssh 服务. 使配置生效.


# 重启: 
systemctl restart sshd.service

# 根据提示, 选择 root, 输入密码, 服务重启. 退出登录, 重新登录验证.
  • 退出登录, 重新登录, 验证正常.

image

@hhstore
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hhstore commented Mar 20, 2020 •
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3.4 SSH 启用 2fa(谷歌验证器):

3.5 查看树莓派设备信息:

  • 查看系统信息:

getconf LONG_BIT        # 查看系统位数
uname -a            # kernel 版本
/opt/vc/bin/vcgencmd  version   # firmware版本
strings /boot/start.elf  |  grep VC_BUILD_ID    # firmware版本
cat /proc/version       # kernel
cat /etc/os-release     # OS版本资讯
cat /etc/issue          # Linux distro 版本
cat /etc/debian_version     # Debian版本编号


#############

pi@raspberrypi:/etc/apt/sources.list.d $ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Raspbian
Description:	Raspbian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
Release:	10
Codename:	buster

image

  • 查看硬件信息:
# 查看cpu温度
vcgencmd measure_temp

# 查看cpu信息
cat /proc/cpuinfo

lscpu

# 查看内存
free -h

# 查看磁盘
lsblk

df -hT

# 查看更多硬件信息
dmesg | more
# 查看时间
date

# 查看树莓派型号
cat /proc/device-tree/model

# 查看树莓派系统位数
getconf LONG_BIT

file /bin/ls

# 查看usb
lsusb

# 查看其他硬件
lsmod

# 查看CPU的时钟频率
vcgencmd get_config arm_freq

cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq

@hhstore
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hhstore commented Mar 20, 2020 •
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3.5.2 fix error:

+ sh -c apt-get install -y -qq --no-install-recommends docker-ce >/dev/null
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)


fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.



sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

systemctl restart docker.service

@hhstore
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hhstore commented Mar 20, 2020 •
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3.6 树莓派 SD 卡扩展分区:

  • 树莓派烧录系统, 默认分区8GB, 但是 SD 卡是32GB.
# 查看分区: 

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ df -h
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/root       7.0G  6.7G  2.4M  100% /
devtmpfs        1.8G     0  1.8G    0% /dev
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           1.9G   17M  1.9G    1% /run
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M    1% /run/lock
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1  253M   54M  199M   22% /boot
tmpfs           386M     0  386M    0% /run/user/1000

3.6.1 首选扩展方法:

  • 需要手动扩展剩余分区空间.
  • 扩展方法非常简单.
# 
sudo raspi-config

# 选第7项 7 advanced options , 回车

image

  • 继续选第一项, 回车

image

  • 继续回车, 确认.

image

  • 通过上下左右, 移动到 finish, 回车.

image

  • 提醒立即重启, 回车, 确认.

image

  • 等待树莓派重启后, 重新查看磁盘空间:
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ df -h
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/root        29G  6.6G   22G   24% /
devtmpfs        1.8G     0  1.8G    0% /dev
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           1.9G  8.5M  1.9G    1% /run
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M    1% /run/lock
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1  253M   53M  200M   21% /boot
tmpfs           386M     0  386M    0% /run/user/1000
  • 此时可见, 分区大小已经识别到29G(32G 正常大小)

3.6.2 备选方法:

@hhstore
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hhstore commented Mar 20, 2020 •
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3.7 设置 WIFI 联网:

  • 当前是网线方式联网, 不够简洁. 需要更改为 WIFI 联网.

3.7.1 局域网找到树莓派 IP:

# 使用 arp 扫描局域网 IP: 
henry@hh-imac27 [14时52分22秒] [~]
-> % arp -a
? (192.168.2.1) at d0:17:c2:3d:c8:b0 on en1 ifscope [ethernet]
? (192.168.2.10) at 14:20:5e:11:3c:7e on en1 ifscope permanent [ethernet]
? (192.168.2.73) at e4:2b:34:d7:b9:4d on en1 ifscope [ethernet]
? (192.168.2.76) at 58:6b:14:0:ab:5e on en1 ifscope [ethernet]
? (192.168.2.195) at 74:23:44:4a:94:1a on en1 ifscope [ethernet]
? (192.168.2.198) at dc:a6:32:60:8d:9f on en1 ifscope [ethernet]
? (224.0.0.251) at 1:0:5e:0:0:fb on en1 ifscope permanent [ethernet]
? (239.255.255.250) at 1:0:5e:7f:ff:fa on en1 ifscope permanent [ethernet]


# 安装: 
brew install nmap

# 扫描当前网段所有在线 IP: 
henry@hh-imac27 [14时49分04秒] [~]
-> % nmap -sP 192.168.2.0/24
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-22 14:49 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.1
Host is up (0.0036s latency).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.10
Host is up (0.00011s latency).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.76
Host is up (0.093s latency).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.198
Host is up (0.0043s latency).
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 3.34 seconds

# 已知  192.168.2.198 是树莓派设备
# -A 参数, 查到 Raspbian, 可知是树莓派设备

-> % nmap -A 192.168.2.198
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-22 15:00 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.2.198
Host is up (0.0057s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh     OpenSSH 7.9p1 Raspbian 10+deb10u2 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
|   2048 07:cf:25:3d:65:88:86:da:c9:bc:0e:ed:6c:0a:4b:fd (RSA)
|   256 47:3a:72:1b:92:26:4c:bd:52:a7:08:6e:13:d7:f4:34 (ECDSA)
|_  256 4c:c2:0a:82:42:16:18:30:63:37:06:a7:9f:8e:80:e8 (ED25519)
5900/tcp open  vnc     RealVNC Enterprise 5.3 or later (protocol 5.0)
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.00 seconds


# 猜猜 IP 设备的 OS 信息: 
sudo nmap 192.168.2.198 -O --osscan-guess

3.7.2 树莓派连接 WIFI:


# 查看 无线网卡名: 
# 可知无线网卡名为 wlan0
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ifconfig

# 查看树莓派网卡信息: 
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ iwconfig


# 获取设备工作状态信息
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ iw wlan0 info

# 获取设备连接状态信息（实测不包含IP地址）
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ iw dev wlan0 link
Not connected.

# 扫描无线网络，列表的内容都是实时更新的
iw dev wlan0 scan
  • 密码设置:
# 查看 当前 WIFI 热点列表: 
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ iwlist wlan0 scan | grep ESSID
                    ESSID:"ziroom602"
                    ESSID:"H-WIFI"
                    ESSID:"ChinaNet-GLRy"
                    ESSID:"HH-WIFI"


# 生成 WIFI 密码的辅助配置段, 贴到: /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf   里
pi@raspberrypi:/etc/wpa_supplicant $ wpa_passphrase 'HH-WIFI' password
network={
	ssid="HH-WIFI"
	#psk="password"
	psk=25f42dfdb2cf545884c165ab98bf60d561c1140d7e1dbb48413c05391e40a436
}

# 注意要把 psk, 替换成真正的 WIFI 密码, 上面这个配置段, 只是方便 改配置用. 


sudo vim wpa_supplicant.conf

############################ 


ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=CN

network={
	ssid="BT_OFFICE_PHONE5G"
	psk="wifi-pwd"
	key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
}


# wifi2:
network={
	ssid="HH-WIFI"
	#psk="password"
        psk="wifi-pwd"
        key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
        priority=10
        id_str="hh"
}
  • 配置更改前:

image

  • 配置更改后:

image

pi@raspberrypi:~$ sudo systemctl restart networking  #重启网卡
pi@raspberrypi:~$ sudo ifdown wlan0   
pi@raspberrypi:~$ sudo ifup wlan0     
pi@raspberrypi:~$ wpa_cli status      #查看连接状态

image

  • 验证 WIFI 连接正常:
# 通过 WIFI 的 IP 连接树莓派

ssh pi@192.168.2.199

image

  • 查看 WIFI 连接情况:

sudo iwconfig

image

  • 查看连接情况:
# pi @ raspberrypi in /etc [19:46:23]
$ sudo wpa_cli status
Selected interface 'p2p-dev-wlan0'
wpa_state=DISCONNECTED
p2p_device_address=3e:39:be:00:91:48
address=3e:39:be:00:91:48
uuid=8a412c29-3394-5231-858c-18a2e57802f4
  • 树莓派重启:
# 重启: 
sudo reboot

# 关机: 
 sudo poweroff
 sudo init 0

3.7.3 设置静态 IP:

@hhstore
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hhstore commented Mar 20, 2020 •
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4. 安装 docker:


## 最最关键的步骤, 切换 root 用户: 
su root

sudo apt update

image


# 添加 docker 镜像源: 
sudo echo "deb [arch=armhf] https://mirror.azure.cn/docker-ce/linux/raspbian buster stable" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list


# 关键 + 必要步: 
sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get upgrade -y


# 下载安装脚本: 
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh

chmod +x *.sh


# 执行安装脚本: 
sudo sh get-docker.sh

# 使用镜像, 报错, 还是用默认: (从安装脚本里, 找到镜像源参数)
sudo sh get-docker.sh  --mirror Aliyun
sudo sh get-docker.sh  --mirror AzureChinaCloud

参考清华源正确的安装方式:


su root

# 安装: 
sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror Aliyun

# 添加用户: 
sudo groupadd docker
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER


# 启动: 
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl start docker.service

# 验证: 
docker run arm32v7/hello-world

image

4.2 卸载 docker:


sudo apt-get purge docker-ce
sudo apt autoremove docker-ce -y
sudo apt remove docker-ce -y
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker

@alexellis
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Looks like good progress on this thread.

The other thing that you may like is inlets, for a HTTPS tunnel for the cluster, it can expose an endpoint in Europe for instance. https://docs.inlets.dev/

@hhstore
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hhstore commented Mar 20, 2020 •
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docker 镜像源:

cat /etc/docker/daemon.json

{
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://abc.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}

@hhstore
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hhstore commented Mar 22, 2020

ref:

This was referenced Mar 22, 2020
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@hhstore
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hhstore commented Mar 22, 2020 •
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Looks like good progress on this thread.

The other thing that you may like is inlets, for a HTTPS tunnel for the cluster, it can expose an endpoint in Europe for instance. https://docs.inlets.dev/

thanks a lot, i will check it. @alexellis

@hhstore
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hhstore commented Jul 1, 2022

局域网搜索树莓派 IP 方法:

➤ ping raspberrypi
PING raspberrypi (10.211.1.91): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.211.1.91: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=6.477 ms
64 bytes from 10.211.1.91: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=6.078 ms
64 bytes from 10.211.1.91: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=4.519 ms

This was referenced Jun 21, 2023
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