Fail template functions when no default specified

[emontnemery]

Breaking change

The following template filters and functions will now fail instead of returning the input if the input is invalid and no default value is specified: round, multiply, log, sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2, sqrt, timestamp_custom, timestamp_local, timestamp_utc, as_timestamp, strptime, float, int.

Examples:
{{ "abc" | float }} - Will fail to render
{{ "abc" | float(default=5) }} - Will render as -5, no warning will be logged
{{ float("abc") }} - Will fail to render
{{ float("abc", default=5) }} - Will render as -5, no warning will be logged

Proposed change

Fail template functions when no default specified

Follow-up to #57470, #56453

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Additional information

• This PR fixes or closes issue: fixes 'float' should not return '0' by default #68035, Outdated logging text "this template will fail to render in Home Assistant core 2022.1" #71099
• This PR is related to issue:
• Link to documentation pull request: Update template documentation to reflect stricter handling of errors home-assistant.io#22885

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
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[frenck]

@balloob This PR was marked docs-missing, why did you merge it?

[emontnemery]

Docs PR: home-assistant/home-assistant.io#22885