provider: prioritize roots and introduce NewPrioritizedProvider

[hacdias]

See ipfs/kubo#10376.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 40.00000% with 39 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 59.77%. Comparing base (5fc25a4) to head (096cc05).

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #595      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   59.78%   59.77%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         232      232              
  Lines       28139    28186      +47     
==========================================
+ Hits        16822    16848      +26     
- Misses       9840     9862      +22     
+ Partials     1477     1476       -1     

Files	Coverage Δ
provider/provider.go	25.74% <40.00%> (+25.74%)	⬆️

... and 10 files with indirect coverage changes

[hacdias]

@aschmahmann what do you think? I can replace the map with a bloom filter. That can probably be better memory wise depending on how streams we're using.

[lidel]

I think we can ship this if we limit CID map to items from the first-pass (details inline).

[lidel]

Took it for a spin in ipfs/kubo#10376 and seem to work as expected.