feat: switch to esm (#3879)

Refactors the code to be ESM.  Dual publishes CJS and ESM for maximum compatibility.

There are no default exports, so code similar to:

```js
import IPFS from 'ipfs'

const ipfs = await IPFS.create()
```

should be refactored to:

```js
import { create } as IPFS from 'ipfs'

const ipfs = await create()
```

BREAKING CHANGE: There are no default exports and everything is now dual published as ESM/CJS

.gitignore

@@ -33,3 +33,4 @@ tsconfig-check.aegir.json
 
 # Operating system files
 .DS_Store
+types

README.md

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ $ npm install ipfs-core
 Then start a node in your app:
 
 ```javascript
-const IPFS = require('ipfs-core')
+import * as IPFS from 'ipfs-core'
 
 const ipfs = await IPFS.create()
 const { cid } = await ipfs.add('Hello world')

docs/DAEMON.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The IPFS Daemon exposes the API defined in the [HTTP API spec](https://docs.ipfs
 If you want a programmatic way to spawn a IPFS Daemon using JavaScript, check out the [ipfsd-ctl](https://github.com/ipfs/js-ipfsd-ctl) module.
 
 ```javascript
-const { createFactory } = require('ipfsd-ctl')
+import { createFactory } from 'ipfsd-ctl'
 const factory = createFactory({
   type: 'proc' // or 'js' to run in a separate process
 })

docs/FAQ.md

@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ Yes, however, bear in mind that there isn't a 100% stable solution to use WebRTC
 To add WebRTC support in a IPFS node instance, do:
 
 ```JavaScript
-const wrtc = require('wrtc') // or require('electron-webrtc')()
-const WebRTCStar = require('libp2p-webrtc-star')
+import wrtc from 'wrtc' // or 'electron-webrtc'
+import WebRTCStar from 'libp2p-webrtc-star'
 
 const node = await IPFS.create({
   repo: 'your-repo-path',

docs/IPLD.md

@@ -49,38 +49,41 @@ If your application requires support for extra codecs, you can configure them as
 1. Configure the [IPLD layer](https://github.com/ipfs/js-ipfs/blob/master/packages/ipfs/docs/MODULE.md#optionsipld) of your IPFS daemon to support the codec. This step is necessary so the node knows how to prepare data received over HTTP to be passed to IPLD for serialization:
 
     ```javascript
-    const ipfs = require('ipfs')
+    import { create } from 'ipfs'
+    import customBlockCodec from 'custom-blockcodec'
+    import customMultibase from 'custom-multibase'
+    import customMultihasher from 'custom-multihasher'
 
-    const node = await ipfs({
+    const node = await create({
       ipld: {
         // either specify BlockCodecs as part of the `codecs` list
         codecs: [
-          require('custom-blockcodec')
+          customBlockCodec
         ],
 
         // and/or supply a function to load them dynamically
         loadCodec: async (codecNameOrCode) => {
-          return require(codecNameOrCode)
+          return import(codecNameOrCode)
         },
 
         // either specify Multibase codecs as part of the `bases` list
         bases: [
-          require('custom-multibase')
+          customMultibase
         ],
 
         // and/or supply a function to load them dynamically
         loadBase: async (baseNameOrCode) => {
-          return require(baseNameOrCode)
+          return import(baseNameOrCode)
         },
 
         // either specify Multihash hashers as part of the `hashers` list
         hashers: [
-          require('custom-multibase')
+          customMultihasher
         ],
 
         // and/or supply a function to load them dynamically
         loadHasher: async (hashNameOrCode) => {
-          return require(hashNameOrCode)
+          return import(hashNameOrCode)
         }
       }
     })
@@ -89,39 +92,42 @@ If your application requires support for extra codecs, you can configure them as
 2. Configure your IPFS HTTP API Client to support the codec. This is necessary so that the client can send the data to the IPFS node over HTTP:
 
     ```javascript
-    const ipfsHttpClient = require('ipfs-http-client')
+    import { create } from 'ipfs-http-client'
+    import customBlockCodec from 'custom-blockcodec'
+    import customMultibase from 'custom-multibase'
+    import customMultihasher from 'custom-multihasher'
 
-    const client = ipfsHttpClient({
+    const client = create({
       url: 'http://127.0.0.1:5002',
       ipld: {
         // either specify BlockCodecs as part of the `codecs` list
         codecs: [
-          require('custom-blockcodec')
+          customBlockCodec
         ],
 
         // and/or supply a function to load them dynamically
         loadCodec: async (codecNameOrCode) => {
-          return require(codecNameOrCode)
+          return import(codecNameOrCode)
         },
 
         // either specify Multibase codecs as part of the `bases` list
         bases: [
-          require('custom-multibase')
+          customMultibase
         ],
 
         // and/or supply a function to load them dynamically
         loadBase: async (baseNameOrCode) => {
-          return require(baseNameOrCode)
+          return import(baseNameOrCode)
         },
 
         // either specify Multihash hashers as part of the `hashers` list
         hashers: [
-          require('custom-multibase')
+          customMultihasher
         ],
 
         // and/or supply a function to load them dynamically
         loadHasher: async (hashNameOrCode) => {
-          return require(hashNameOrCode)
+          return import(hashNameOrCode)
         }
       }
     })

docs/MIGRATION-TO-ASYNC-AWAIT.md

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ const peerId = PeerId.createFromB58String(peerIdStr)
 You can get hold of the `PeerId` class using npm or in a script tag:
 
 ```js
-const PeerId = require('peer-id')
+import PeerId from 'peer-id'
 const peerId = PeerId.createFromB58String(peerIdStr)
 ```
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ You can get hold of the `PeerInfo` class using npm or in a script tag:
 
 ```js
 const PeerInfo = require('peer-info')
-const PeerId = require('peer-id')
+import PeerId from 'peer-id'
 const peerInfo = new PeerInfo(PeerId.createFromB58String(info.id))
 info.addrs.forEach(addr => peerInfo.multiaddrs.add(addr))
 ```
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ readable.on('end', () => {
 Becomes:
 
 ```js
-const toStream = require('it-to-stream')
+import toStream from 'it-to-stream'
 const readable = toStream.readable(ipfs.cat('QmHash'))
 const decoder = new TextDecoder()
 
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ console.log(decoder.decode(data))
 ...which, by the way, could more succinctly be written as:
 
 ```js
-const toBuffer = require('it-to-buffer')
+import toBuffer from 'it-to-buffer'
 const decoder = new TextDecoder()
 const data = await toBuffer(ipfs.cat('QmHash'))
 console.log(decoder.decode(data))
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ pipeline(
 Becomes:
 
 ```js
-const toStream = require('it-to-stream')
+import toStream from 'it-to-stream'
 const { pipeline, Writable } = require('stream')
 const decoder = new TextDecoder()
 
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ Use `it-pipe` and a [for/await](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Jav
 e.g.
 
 ```js
-const fs = require('fs')
+import fs from 'fs'
 const { pipeline } = require('stream')
 
 const items = []
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ pipeline(
 Becomes:
 
 ```js
-const fs = require('fs')
+import fs from 'fs'
 const pipe = require('it-pipe')
 
 const items = []
@@ -400,9 +400,9 @@ console.log(items)
 ...which, by the way, could more succinctly be written as:
 
 ```js
-const fs = require('fs')
+import fs from 'fs'
 const pipe = require('it-pipe')
-const all = require('it-all')
+import all from 'it-all'
 
 const items = await pipe(
   fs.createReadStream('/path/to/file'),
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ Convert the async iterable to a readable stream.
 e.g.
 
 ```js
-const fs = require('fs')
+import fs from 'fs'
 const { pipeline } = require('stream')
 
 const items = []
@@ -445,8 +445,8 @@ pipeline(
 Becomes:
 
 ```js
-const toStream = require('it-to-stream')
-const fs = require('fs')
+import toStream from 'it-to-stream'
+import fs from 'fs'
 const { pipeline } = require('stream')
 
 const items = []
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ Becomes:
 
 ```js
 const pipe = require('it-pipe')
-const concat = require('it-concat')
+import concat from 'it-concat'
 const decoder = new TextDecoder()
 
 const data = await pipe(
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ Use `it-pipe` and `it-all` to collect all items from an async iterable.
 e.g.
 
 ```js
-const fs = require('fs')
+import fs from 'fs'
 const toPull = require('stream-to-pull-stream')
 
 pull(
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ pull(
 Becomes:
 
 ```js
-const fs = require('fs')
+import fs from 'fs'
 
 const file = await ipfs.add(fs.createReadStream('/path/to/file'))
 
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ Convert the async iterable to a pull stream.
 e.g.
 
 ```js
-const fs = require('fs')
+import fs from 'fs'
 const toPull = require('stream-to-pull-stream')
 
 pull(
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ pull(
 Becomes:
 
 ```js
-const fs = require('fs')
+import fs from 'fs'
 const streamToPull = require('stream-to-pull-stream')
 const itToPull = require('async-iterator-to-pull-stream')
 
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ for await (const file of addSource) {
 Alternatively you can buffer up the results using the `it-all` utility:
 
 ```js
-const all = require('it-all')
+import all from 'it-all'
 
 const results = await all(ipfs.addAll([
   { path: 'root/1.txt', content: 'one' },
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ Reading files.
 e.g.
 
 ```js
-const fs = require('fs')
+import fs from 'fs'
 
 const data = await ipfs.cat('/ipfs/QmHash')
 
@@ -759,8 +759,8 @@ Becomes:
 
 ```js
 const pipe = require('it-pipe')
-const toIterable = require('stream-to-it')
-const fs = require('fs')
+import toIterable from 'stream-to-it'
+import fs from 'fs'
 
 // Note that as chunks arrive they are written to the file and memory can be freed and re-used
 await pipe(
@@ -774,8 +774,8 @@ console.log('done')
 Alternatively you can buffer up the chunks using the `it-concat` utility (not recommended!):
 
 ```js
-const fs = require('fs')
-const concat = require('it-concat')
+import fs from 'fs'
+import concat from 'it-concat'
 
 const data = await concat(ipfs.cat('/ipfs/QmHash'))
 
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ for await (const file of filesSource) {
 Alternatively you can buffer up the directory listing using the `it-all` utility:
 
 ```js
-const all = require('it-all')
+import all from 'it-all'
 
 const results = await all(ipfs.ls('/ipfs/QmHash'))
 
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ files.forEach(file => {
 Becomes:
 
 ```js
-const fs = require('fs')
+import fs from 'fs'
 const ipfs = IpfsHttpClient()
 
 const file = await ipfs.add(fs.createReadStream('/path/to/file.txt'))