AVOG2S is a collection of programs that can be used to build a Ground-2-Space model of the atmosphere in a similar style to that outlined by Drob et al., (JGR, v108, p4680, 2003, doi:10.1029/2002JD003307) by smoothly merging 1 or 2 numerical weather prediction (NWP) models (either forecast or reanalysis) with empirical models of the upper atmosphere. This Ground-2-Space model can be used for forward modeling of infrasound propagation. This model is described in Schwaiger et al. and can be used as both global as well as a regional G2S model. This model is used by the Alaska Volcano Observatory for infrasound propagation modeling.
This model relies heavily on externally provided software. The following software packages must be built and installed before the AVOG2S software suite can be built.
-
To download and read the NWP data, several USGS libraries must be installed:
HoursSince
projection
MetReader -
Upper-atmospheric empirical models are available separately for horizontal winds and temperature
HWM14 (supplementary material) NRLMSISE-00 -
Spectral decomposition of the data utilize two libraries, one for spherical harmonic decompositions, and one for Fourier decomposition
SHTOOLS
fftw -
Additional libraries needed:
lapack
netcdf
grib2 (or ecCodes)
- Solar-terrestrial indices (Ap and F107)
Current values available from NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center: http://services.swpc.noaa.gov/text/wwv.txt
Archived values available from NOAA National Geophysical Data Center: ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/GEOMAGNETIC_DATA/INDICES/KP_AP/ - Numerical Weather Prediction data
Forecast and reanalysis data available from many sources. See documentation in MetReader.
Three libraries from the Ash3d package are needed: HoursSince, projection, MetReader. These libraries are currently available at the locations given above. Installation instructions are given in the repositories for each of these libraries.
HWM14 is available as supplemental material for Drob et al., 2015. The build
of AVOG2S expects that this be compiled as a library with the data files installed in a specified location. The makefile
src/ExternalDataSoftware/makefile_HWM14.gfortran is provided which can be used to
build the HWM14 library. The install location can be changed by editing the top
of this file.
To build the library, type:
cd src/ExternalDataSoftware/
wget http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/2014EA000089/asset/supinfo/ess224-sup-0002-supinfo.tgz?v=1&s=2a957ba70b7cf9dd0612d9430076297c3634ea75
Or open the article page
and download ess224-sup-0002-supinfo.tgz from Supporting Information.
These files are also provided at NRL
gunzip ess224-sup-0002-supinfo.tgz
tar -xvf ess224-sup-0002-supinfo.tar
cd HWM14
The package makefile builds an example program. To build as a library, use the makefile
provided by AVOG2S
make -f ../makefile_HWM14.gfortran libra
make -f ../makefile_HWM14.gfortran install
To use software that links to this library, you will need to add the following to your
.bash_profile:
HWMPATH=/opt/USGS/AVOG2S/ExternalData/HWM14 # (or wherever you installed the library)
export HWMPATH
If you have difficulty installing HWM14 (e.g. if you are using an older compiler), you can optionally install HWM07. The fortran source files and data files are available from https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/
To build this library, type:
cd src/ExternalDataSoftware/HWM07
wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/checkhwm07.f90
wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/dwm07b_104i.dat
wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/gd2qd.dat
wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/hwm071308e.dat
wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/hwm07.01d.f90
wget https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/HWM/HWM07/readme.txt
You will have to edit the source file
and change the data file names in the source file to include the full path, such as
character(128), parameter :: datafile = '/opt/USGS/AVOG2S/ExternalData/HWM07/hwm071308e.dat'
character(128), parameter :: datafile = '/opt/USGS/AVOG2S/ExternalData/HWM07/dwm07b_104i.dat'
character(128), parameter :: datafile = '/opt/USGS/AVOG2S/ExternalData/HWM07/gd2qd.dat'
make -f ../makefile_HWM07.gfortran libra
make -f ../makefile_HWM07.gfortran install
This version of HWM does not require an environment variable to be set, but expects that the data files are at the hardwired location.
The NRLMSISE-00 code has been ported to fortran 90 and is available from https://github.com/graziano-giuliani/Meteostuff
After downloading the software bundle into src/ExternalDataSoftware, the code can
be compiled into a library using the makefile provided at:
src/ExternalDataSoftware/makefile_NRLMSIS.gfortran
Note: NRLMSISE from the link above can return erroneous values if a requested altitude
equals an internal bracketing value. To correct this, change line 2067 of
physics_msis.f90 from
if ( dabs(v1-d_1) < nearzero .or. alt > zn2(1) .or. &
to
if ( dabs(v1-d_1) < nearzero .or. alt >= zn2(1) .or. &
cd src/ExternalDataSoftware/Meteostuff-master/NRLMSIS_F90
Add bug fix to source file
vi physics_msis.f90
make -f ../../makefile_NRLMSIS.gfortran all
make -f ../../makefile_NRLMSIS.gfortran install
SHTOOLS is available from https://github.com/SHTOOLS/SHTOOLS/releases. Instructions
for installation are in the source code download
wget https://github.com/SHTOOLS/SHTOOLS/archive/v4.0.tar.gz
This can be built and installed in the default location. Take note of where the objects
are installed. Earlier versions of SHTOOLS installing in /usr/local/SHTOOLS$(version_number).
The latest version simple installs to /usr/local/.
You can change the default location by editing SHTOOLS-x.x/Makefile and changing the
variable PREFIX = /usr/local to your preferred install location.
fftw is available as a distribution package
netcdf4, lapack and grib-api (or ecCodes) are available as distribution libraries.
To compile, edit the makefile to be consistent with the install directory and options used in the installation of the preliminary software. Double-check the HWM version number, the SHTOOLS version number if you are using an older version, and whether or not grib2/ecCodes support should be built. Then simply type:
make all
To install the library, edit the INSTALLDIR variable of the makefile (the
default is /opt/USGS) and type:
make install
You will need to have write permission in ${INSTALLDIR} or install as root.
This will install the following in ${INSTALLDIR}/bin/:
g2s_genSC_HWM14 : program to calculate spectral coefficients for G2S model
g2s_ResampleAtmos : program to reconstruct a gridded atmosphere from the coefficients
probe_HWT14 : stand-along program to calculate empirical HWM and NRLMSISE values
g2s_Extract_Sonde : program to resample the gridded atmosphere onto a 1-d profile
g2s_Extract_Xsec : program to resample the gridded atmosphere onto a 2-d cross-section
g2s_Extract_Grid : program to resample the gridded atmosphere onto a 3-d grid
and the following scripts in ${INSTALLDIR}/ExternalData/Ap_Forecast/
get_ApFC : script that downloads the current space weather indices from NOAA
get_NGDC : script that downloads an archive year of the space weather indices
Output from the extraction tools is designed to be used with the GeoAc forward modeling software or the NCPA Atmospheric Acoustic Propagation Modeling package ncpaprop.
Please see the user's guide for more information on using this software.
Hans F. Schwaiger hschwaiger@usgs.gov
Alexandra M. Iezzi amiezzi@alaska.edu